Table 4 Hazard ratios for all-cause and cause-specific mortality, according to quintiles of vegetables intake in a large prospective cohort study with 14 years of follow-up

Median intake

98.16

146.49

183.05

224.97

306.51

Person-years of follow-up

129720.060

133681.910

135208.850

135978.590

136974.770

All-cause mortality

 Mortality rate (per 1000 person-years)

20.3

16.1

14.6

14.6

14.7

 Model 1, HR (95% CI)

1

0.88(0.83, 0.93)

0.84(0.79, 0.89)

0.81(0.77, 0.86)

0.78(0.73, 0.82)

< 0.001

 Model 2, HR (95% CI)

1

0.95(0.90, 1.00)

0.91(0.86, 0.97)

0.90(0.85, 0.95)

0.90(0.85, 0.96)

< 0.001

 Model 3, HR (95% CI)

1

0.97(0.92, 1.03)

0.95(0.89, 1.01)

0.94(0.88, 1.00)

0.96(0.90, 1.03)

0.16

All cancer cause

 Mortality rate (per 1000 person-years)

3.2

2.9

2.6

2.6

2.5

 Model 1, HR (95% CI)

1

0.98(0.85, 1.13)

0.92(0.79, 1.06)

0.90(0.78, 1.04)

0.86(0.74, 0.99)

0.02

 Model 2, HR (95% CI)

1

1.01(0.88, 1.17)

0.96(0.83, 1.10)

0.97(0.84, 1.12)

0.98(0.85, 1.14)

0.60

 Model 3, HR (95% CI)

1

0.98, (0.85, 1.13)

0.91(0.78, 1.05)

0.90(0.77, 1.05)

0.89(0.75, 1.06)

0.11

GI cancer cause

 Mortality rate (per 1000 person-years)

1.7

1.6

1.4

1.4

1.2

 Model 1, HR (95% CI)

1

1.08(0.90, 1.30)

0.99(0.81, 1.20)

0.95(0.78, 1.16)

0.79(0.65, 0.97)

0.01

 Model 2, HR (95% CI)

1

1.12(0.93, 1.35)

1.03(0.85, 1.25)

1.03(0.85, 1.26)

0.95(0.77, 1.17)

0.43

 Model 3, HR (95% CI)

1

1.07(0.88, 1.29)

0.95(0.78, 1.17)

0.94(0.76, 1.16)

0.83(0.66, 1.05)

0.06

CVD cause

 Mortality rate (per 1000 person-years)

7.8

5.6

4.9

5

5.6

 Model 1, HR (95% CI)

1

0.81(0.74, 0.90)

0.76(0.69, 0.84)

0.76(0.69, 0.84)

0.83(0.75, 0.91)

< 0.001

 Model 2, HR (95% CI)

1

0.90(0.81, 0.99)

0.84(0.76, 0.93)

0.84(0.76, 0.93)

0.94(0.85, 1.03)

0.09

 Model 3, HR (95% CI)

1

0.93(0.84, 1.02)

0.88(0.80, 0.98)

0.89(0.80, 0.99)

1.01(0.91, 1.13)

0.92

Other cause

 Mortality rate (per 1000 person-years)

6.1

4.8

4.4

4.2

4.2

 Model 1, HR (95% CI)

1

0.88(0.80, 0.98)

0.85(0.76, 0.94)

0.80(0.72, 0.89)

0.77(0.69, 0.86)

< 0.001

 Model 2, HR (95% CI)

1

0.94(0.84, 1.04)

0.92(0.83, 1.02)

0.88(0.79, 0.98)

0.88(0.79, 0.99)

0.01

 Model 3, HR (95% CI)

1

0.95(0.85, 1.06)

0.94(0.84, 1.05)

0.90(0.80, 1.01)

0.91(0.80, 1.04)

0.11