Table 1 Baseline characteristics of studied subjects according to the first and last quintiles of dietary fiber, fruits and vegetables intakes in a large prospective cohort study with 14 years of follow-up

Age (Mean ± SD)

53.84 ± 9.48

51.21 ± 8.51

< 0.001

53.40 ± 9.28

51.45 ± 8.67

< 0.001

53.33 ± 9.48

51.97 ± 8.65

< 0.001

Gender (n (%)

Female

7205 (74.07%)

3822 (39.3%)

< 0.001

6464 (66.45%)

4418 (45.42%)

< 0.001

5831 (59.95%)

5382 (55.33%)

< 0.001

Male

2522 (25.93%)

5904 (60.7%)

3263 (33.55%)

5308 (54.58%)

3896 (40.05%)

4345 (44.67%)

Education (n (%)

Illiterate

7898 (81.2%)

5849 (60.14%)

< 0.001

8349 (85.83%)

5325 (54.75%)

< 0.001

7699 (79.15%)

5708 (58.68%)

< 0.001

Diploma or Less

1745 (17.94%)

3513 (36.12%)

1357 (13.95%)

3872 (39.81%)

1964 (20.19%)

3588 (36.89%)

University

84 (0.86%)

364 (3.74%)

21 (0.22%)

529 (5.44%)

64 (0.66%)

431 (4.43%)

Ethnicity (n (%)

Turkmen

7040 (72.38%)

7108 (73.08%)

0.27

5969 (61.37%)

7477 (76.88%)

 < 0.001

7302 (75.07%)

6350 (65.28%)

< 0.001

non-Turkmen

2687 (27.62%)

2618 (26.92%)

3758 (38.63%)

2249 (23.12%)

2425 (24.93%)

3377 (34.72%)

Body mass index category (n (%)

Normal

4558 (46.96%)

3533 (36.37%)

< 0.001

4976 (51.24%)

3107 (32.01%)

< 0.001

4556 (46.92%)

3188 (32.83%)

< 0.001

Overweight

2944 (30.33%)

3548 (36.52%)

2861 (29.46%)

3661 (37.72%)

3145 (32.39%)

3543 (36.48%)

Obese

2205 (22.72%)

2633 (27.11%)

1875 (19.31%)

2938 (30.27%)

2009 (20.69%)

2981 (30.69%)

Cigarette smoking (n (%)

Never

8527 (87.66%)

7443 (76.53%)

< 0.001

8338 (85.72%)

7637 (78.52%)

< 0.001

8128 (83.56%)

7919 (81.41%)

< 0.001

Ever

1200 (12.34%)

2283 (23.47%)

1389 (14.28%)

2089 (21.48%)

1599 (16.44%)

1808 (18.59%)

Opiate (n (%)

Never

7954 (81.77%)

7926 (81.49%)

0.61

7965 (81.89%)

8129 (83.58%)

0.002

7844 (80.64%)

8276 (85.08%)

< 0.001

Ever

1773 (18.23%)

1800 (18.51%)

1762 (18.11%)

1597 (16.42%)

1883 (19.36%)

1451 (14.92%)

Alcohol (n (%)

Never

9518 (97.85%)

9154 (94.12%)

< 0.001

9574 (98.43%)

9053 (93.08%)

< 0.001

9537 (98.05%)

9154 (94.11%)

< 0.001

Ever

209 (2.15%)

572 (5.88%)

153 (1.57%)

673 (6.92%)

190 (1.95%)

573 (5.89%)

History of Diabetes (n (%)

No

8933 (91.84%)

9014 (92.68%)

0.03

9190 (94.48%)

8971 (92.24%)

< 0.001

8975 (92.27%)

8914 (91.64%)

0.11

Yes

794 (8.16%)

712 (7.32%)

537 (5.52%)

755 (7.76%)

752 (7.73%)

813 (8.36%)

History of Hypertension (n (%)

No

7282 (74.86%)

8181 (84.11%)

< 0.001

7784 (80.02%)

7921 (81.44%)

0.01

7491 (77.01%)

7837 (80.57%)

< 0.001

Yes

2445 (25.14%)

1545 (15.89%)

1943 (19.98%)

1805 (18.56%)

2236 (22.99%)

1890 (19.43%)

Wealth Score quartile (n (%)

Q1

3069 (31.55%)

2592 (26.65%)

< 0.001

4266 (43.86%)

1764 (18.14%)

< 0.001

3289 (33.81%)

2081 (21.39%)

< 0.001

Q2

2435 (25.03%)

2065 (21.23%)

3059 (31.45%)

1556 (16%)

2568 (26.4%)

1840 (18.92%)

Q3

2245 (23.08%)

2272 (23.36%)

1754 (18.03%)

2166 (22.27%)

2335 (24.01%)

2211 (22.73%)

Q4

1978 (20.34%)

2797 (28.76%)

648 (6.66%)

4240 (43.59%)

1535 (15.78%)

3595 (36.96%)

Residential Area (n (%)

Rural

8075 (83.02%)

7011 (72.09%)

< 0.001

8538 (87.78%)

6193 (63.67%)

< 0.001

8591 (88.32%)

6122 (62.94%)

< 0.001

Urban

1652 (16.98%)

2715 (27.91%)

1189 (12.22%)

3533 (36.33%)

1136 (11.68%)

3605 (37.06%)

Physical Activity (n (%)

Low

3498 (35.96%)

4287 (44.08%)

< 0.001

3306 (33.99%)

4459 (45.85%)

< 0.001

4070 (41.84%)

3569 (36.69%)

< 0.001

Medium

3965 (40.76%)

2612 (26.86%)

3746 (38.51%)

2866 (29.47%)

3337 (34.31%)

3305 (33.98%)

High

2264 (23.28%)

2827 (29.07%)

2675 (27.5%)

2400 (24.68%)

2320 (23.85%)

2853 (29.33%)

Dietary intakes Median (IQR)

 Energy (kcal/d)

1483.14 (1247.45–1702.91)

2806.15 (2549.62–3151.68)

< 0.001

1807.99 (1461.49–2141.54)

2490.97 (2132.49–2881.73)

< 0.001

1760.61 (1431.5–2083.82)

2500.21 (2148.65–2881.38)

< 0.001

 Carbohydrate (g/d)

52 (46.69–57.12)

59.81 (56.22–63.37)

< 0.001

57.91 (52.78–62.75)

57.71 (53.42–61.61)

0.01

58.2 (52.95–62.91)

56.15 (51.92–60.18)

< 0.001

 Total fat (g/d)

35.62 (31.04–39.95)

29.19 (26.23–32.17)

< 0.001

30.59 (26.45–34.88)

30.88 (27.61–34.5)

< 0.001

29.78 (25.8–34.05)

32.37 (28.92–35.92)

< 0.001

 Total Protein (g/d)

14.01 (12.14–16.36)

13.51 (12.37–14.87)

< 0.001

13.54 (12.06–15.34)

13.81 (12.5–15.41)

< 0.001

14.11 (12.66–16.01)

13.69 (12.28–15.36)

< 0.001