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Table 2 Means (SD) of all outcomes at baseline (t0) and 1 to 4 h after breakfast ingestion (t1-4)

From: Having breakfast has no clinically relevant effect on bioelectrical impedance measurements in healthy adults

Outcome

Baseline (t0)

t1

t2

t3

t4

Weight – kg, mean (SD)

67.3 (9.6)

67.5 (9.6)*

67.3 (9.6)

67.3 (9.6)

67.1 (9.6)*

FFM – kg, mean (SD)

46.2 (6.2)

46.3 (6.3)

46.3 (6.3)

46.4 (6.2)*

46.2 (6.2)

FM – kg, mean (SD)

21.1 (5.7)

21.2 (5.7)

21.0 (5.7)

20.9 (5.7)*

20.9 (5.7)*

FFMI – kg/m2, mean (SD)

15.23 (1.45)

15.26 (1.46)

15.27 (1.43)

15.29 (1.43)*

15.24 (1.44)

FMI – kg/m2, mean (SD)

6.98 (1.89)

7.01 (1.90)

6.96 (1.93)

6.93 (1.92)

6.92 (1.90)*

Impedance – Ω, mean (SD)

617 (61)

615 (62)

613 (60)

611 (59)*

614 (59)

Reactance – Ω, mean (SD)

63.3 (6.8)

63.2 (6.6)

63.1 (6.9)

62.9 (6.8)

63.1 (6.5)

Resistance – Ω, mean (SD)

614 (61)

612 (62)

610 (60)

608 (59)*

611 (59)

Phase angle – °, mean (SD)

5.9 (0.5)

5.9 (0.5)

5.9 (0.5)

5.9 (0.5)

5.9 (0.5)

  1. Abbreviations: SD Standard deviation, FFM Fat free mass, FM Fat mass, FFMI Fat free mass index, FMI Fat mass index
  2. *p < 0.05 in bold, compared to t0