The effects of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on glycemic control, adipokines, cytokines, malondialdehyde and liver function enzymes in patients at risk of cardiovascular disease: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis

Ghodoosi, Nasim; Rasaei, Niloufar; Goudarzi, Kian; Hashemzadeh, Maral; Dolatshahi, Sina; Omran, Hossein Salehi; Amirani, Niusha; Ashtary-larky, Damoon; Shimi, Ghazaleh; Asbaghi, Omid

doi:10.1186/s12937-023-00876-3

Table 4 GRADE profile of CLA supplementation for glycemic control, adipokine, cytokine, malondialdehyde and liver function enzymes in subjects with metabolic disorders

From: The effects of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on glycemic control, adipokines, cytokines, malondialdehyde and liver function enzymes in patients at risk of cardiovascular disease: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis

Outcomes	Risk of bias	Inconsistency	Indirectness	Imprecision	Publication Bias	Quality of evidence
FBG	No serious limitation	Very serious limitation ^a	No serious limitation	No serious limitation	serious limitation	⊕ ◯◯◯ Very low
Insulin	No serious limitation	No serious limitation	No serious limitation	Serious limitation ^c	No serious limitation	⊕ ⊕ ⊕ ◯ Moderate
HbA1c	No serious limitation	Serious limitation ^b	No serious limitation	Serious limitation ^c	No serious limitation	⊕ ⊕ ◯◯ Low
HOMA	No serious limitation	Very serious limitation ^a	No serious limitation	Serious limitation ^c	No serious limitation	⊕ ◯◯◯ Very low
CRP	No serious limitation	No serious limitation	No serious limitation	Serious limitation ^c	No serious limitation	⊕ ⊕ ⊕ ◯ Moderate
IL-6	No serious limitation	Serious limitation ^b	No serious limitation	No serious limitation	No serious limitation	⊕ ⊕ ⊕ ◯ Moderate
TNF-α	No serious limitation	Serious limitation ^b	No serious limitation	Serious limitation ^c	Serious limitation ^d	⊕ ◯◯◯ Very low
Adiponectin	No serious limitation	Very serious limitation ^a	No serious limitation	Serious limitation ^c	No serious limitation	⊕ ◯◯◯ Very low
Leptin	No serious limitation	No serious limitation	No serious limitation	No serious limitation	No serious limitation	⊕ ⊕ ⊕ ⊕ High
MDA	No serious limitation	Very serious limitation ^a	No serious limitation	Serious limitation ^c	No serious limitation	⊕ ◯◯◯ Very low
ALT	No serious limitation	Very serious limitation ^a	No serious limitation	Serious limitation ^c	No serious limitation	⊕ ◯◯◯ Very low
AST	No serious limitation	Serious limitation ^b	No serious limitation	No serious limitation	No serious limitation	⊕ ⊕ ⊕ ◯ Moderate

^aThere is high heterogeneity (I² > 75) for FBG, HOMA-IR, adiponectin, MDA and ALT
^bThere is moderate heterogeneity (I² > 40) for HbA1c, IL-6, TNF-α, and AST
^cThere is no evidence of significant effects of CLA supplementation on insulin, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, CRP, TNF-α, adiponectin, MDA and ALT
^dThere is a significant publication bias based on egger regression test for TNF-α (P = 0.04)

Back to article page

ISSN: 1475-2891

Contact us

General enquiries: journalsubmissions@springernature.com

Nutrition Journal

Contact us