Fig. 1
Association of a FS, b intrinsic sugars, c FS in beverages, and d FS in solids intake (all %E) with dementia risk. Models are adjusted for energy intake (penalized cubic splines), age (split by quintiles), alcohol intake (< 1, 1 to < 8, 8 to < 16, ≥ 16 g/d), BMI (< 18.5, 18.5 to < 25, 25 to < 30, ≥ 30 kg/m2), ethnic background (White, group composed of Mixed, Asian, Black, Chinese, and other), general health status (poor, fair, good, excellent), highest qualification (none of the below, national exams at age 16 years, vocational qualifications or optional national exams at ages 17–18 years, professional, College or University), history of mental illness (yes, no), physical activity (metabolic equivalent of task (MET)-minutes per week derived from the Oxford WebQ; split by quintiles), SBP (split by quintiles), sex (female, male), smoking status (never, previous, current occasional, current < 10, 10 to 14, 15 to 19, ≥ 20 cigarettes per day), total household income (< 18, 18 to < 31, 31 to < 52, 52 to < 100, ≥ 100 k£, unknown), and Townsend deprivation index (split by quintiles). Covariates not fulfilling the proportional hazard assumption are stratified. The HR-nadir is indicated by the vertical line. Abbreviations: BMI Body mass index, FS Free sugars, HR Hazard ratio, kg/m2 Kilogram per square meter, MET Metabolic equivalent of task, %E Percentage total energy, SBP Systolic blood pressure