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Table 2 Dietary intake based on adherence of AHEI

From: The association between adherence to alternative healthy Diet Index (AHEI) and severity, disability, duration, and frequency of migraine headache among women: a cross-sectional study

Variables

Low adherence of AHEI (n = 144)

High adherence of AHEI (n = 122)

P-value

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

 

Macronutrients

   

Energy(kcal/d)

2363.62 ± 490.91

2074.48 ± 510.97

< 0.001

Carbohydrates(gr/ day)

296.38 ± 63.57

288.04 ± 73.55

0.32

Protein(gr/day)

80.63 ± 13.24

77.72 ± 18.62

0.15

Total fat(gr/day)

100.57 ± 31.12

75.75 ± 24.77

< 0.001

CHOL(gr/day)

286.45 ± 88.94

198.58 ± 75.26

< 0.001

Saturated fat(gr/day)

34.02 ± 12.51

20.64 ± 7.26

< 0.001

Trans fat(gr/day)

0.0004 ± 0.0009

0.0000 ± 0.0001

< 0.001

MUFA(gr/day)

33.13 ± 11.50

24.74 ± 10.98

< 0.001

PUFA(gr/day)

18.30 ± 8.11

14.99 ± 7.95

0.001

DHA(gr/day))

0.07 ± 0.06

0.10 ± 0.13

0.007

EPA(gr/day

0.01 ± 0.02

0.03 ± 0.04

< 0.001

Oleic(gr/day)

29.78 ± 10.99

22.12 ± 10.81

< 0.001

Linoleic(gr/day)

15.54 ± 7.65

12.62 ± 7.53

0.002

Linolenic(gr/day)

1.38 ± 0.61

0.97 ± 0.55

< 0.001

Total fiber(gr/day)

34.36 ± 12.78

44.58 ± 15.05

< 0.001

Micronutrients

 

Thiamin(mg/day)

1.67 ± 0.43

1.73 ± 0.60

0.30

Riboflavin(mg/day)

1.82 ± 0.39

2.02 ± 0.55

0.001

Niacin(mg/day)

22.71 ± 5.11

22.62 ± 6.47

0.90

Pantothenic acid(mg/day)

4.65 ± 0.95

4.87 ± 1.26

0.12

Pyridoxine(mg/day)

1.76 ± 0.37

2.05 ± 0.51

< 0.001

Folic acid(mg/day)

495.31 ± 115.27

568.05 ± 135.23

< 0.001

Cobalamin (mg/day)

4.23 ± 1.34

2.79 ± 1.04

< 0.001

Vitamin K(mg/day)

325.94 ± 364.86

606.29 ± 451.55

< 0.001

Vitamin D(µ/day)

2.36 ± 1.08

1.62 ± 0.86

< 0.001

Vitamin E(mg/day)

11.76 ± 4.97

11.52 ± 4.61

0.69

Vitamin C(mg/day)

105.23 ± 69.50

177.40 ± 90.47

< 0.001

Biotin(mg/day)

23.77 ± 6.77

29.84 ± 10.53

< 0.001

Retinol(mg/day)

632.56 ± 233.56

807.83 ± 355.69

< 0.001

Lutein (mg/day)

1964.91 ± 1632.38

3540.38 ± 2165.51

< 0.001

lycopene (mg/day)

2150.40 ± 1724.83

3624.58 ± 2090.08

< 0.001

Sodium(mg/day)

3859.95 ± 862.72

3610.37 ± 680.13

0.009

Potassium(mg/day)

3548.23 ± 1034.38

4640.25 ± 1507.01

< 0.001

Calcium(mg/day)

1120.75 ± 402.63

1440.21 ± 495.18

< 0.001

Iron(mg/day)

33.36 ± 24.72

51.18 ± 31.21

< 0.001

Phosphor(mg/day)

1359.69 ± 260.59

1433.04 ± 356.01

0.06

Magnesium(mg/day)

363.55 ± 78.54

441.79 ± 137.65

< 0.001

Chromium (mg/day)

0.08 ± 0.06

0.12 ± 0.11

0.002

Copper (mg/day)

1.40 ± 0.28

1.56 ± 0.45

0.001

Glucose

16.41 ± 8.07

15.95 ± 4.53

0.55

Galactose

1.96 ± 0.97

2.14 ± 1.09

0.16

Fructose

18.77 ± 9.28

18.41 ± 5.40

0.69

Sucrose

21.14 ± 8.68

19.53 ± 9.67

0.15

  1. CHOL: cholesterol, MUFA: monounsaturated fatty acid, PUFA: polyunsaturated fatty acid, EPA: eicosapentaenoic acid, DHA: docosahexaenoic acid, AHEI: alternate healthy eating index.
  2. P-value obtained from T-test.
  3. All data are presented as mean ± SD.
  4. P-value < 0.05 was considered significant.