Table 2 Dietary intakes of study participants

Total energy (kcal/d)

2580 ± 560

2561 ± 722

0·72

2584 ± 670

2557 ± 708

2576 ± 643

0.957

Carbohydrates (g/d)

425 ± 101

412 ± 128

0.02

422 ± 122

409 ± 110

421 ± 128

0.622

Proteins (g/d)

98 ± 22

97 ± 30

0.76

98 ± 25

98 ± 32

96 ± 22

0.824

Fats (g/d)

62 ± 19

66 ± 22

0.003

63 ± 21

66 ± 24

64 ± 17

0.712

Saturated fats (g/d)

19 ± 7

21 ± 9

0.02

19 ± 7

21 ± 10

20 ± 7

0.350

Polyunsaturated fats (g/d)

13 ± 4

14 ± 4

0.001

13 ± 4

13 ± 4

14 ± 4

0.037

Cholesterol (mg/d)

251 ± 141

235 ± 121

0.24

233 ± 81

253 ± 157

231 ± 59

0.288

Total fiber (g/d)

23 ± 11

23 ± 14

0.83

25 ± 13

24 ± 17

21 ± 9

0.074

Vitamin A (μg/d)

1353 ± 604

1397 ± 650

0.45

1447 ± 742

1338 ± 710

1404 ± 532

0.517

Vitamin D (mg/d)

1.3 ± 1

1.7 ± 1.1

0.002

1.5 ± 1

1.6 ± 1

1.6 ± 1

0.911

Vitamin E (mg/d)

5 ± 2

6 ± 3

0.015

5 ± 3

5 ± 3

5 ± 3

0.522

Vitamin C (mg/d)

126 ± 98

143 ± 113

0.09

129 ± 38

137 ± 137

139 ± 58

0.870

Vitamin B₆ (mg/d)

1.9 ± 0.54

2 ± 0.76

0.047

2.0 ± 0.94

2.0 ± 0.80

1.9 ± 0.54

0.697

Folate (mg/d)

349 ± 90

382 ± 302

0.230

362 ± 111

386 ± 374

359 ± 78

0.597

Vitamin B₁₂ (g/d)

10 ± 16

6 ± 4

0.001

8 ± 6

8 ± 14

6 ± 5

0.064

Methionine (g/d)

1603 ± 431

1555 ± 569

0.24

1546 ± 351

1607 ± 648

1546 ± 428

0.550

Potassium (mg/d)

4074 ± 783

4364 ± 1423

0.006

4074 ± 1126

4246 ± 1449

4322 ± 1081

0.553

Calcium (mg/d)

1020 ± 263

1139 ± 358

< 0.001

1068 ± 346

1089 ± 398

1113 ± 264

0.698

Zinc (mg/d)

12.4 ± 3

12.1 ± 4

0.26

11.8 ± 3

12.3 ± 3

12.2 ± 3

0.733

Copper (mg/d)

2.3 ± 0.7

2.4 ± 0.8

0.32

2.3 ± 0.71

2.4 ± 0.89

2.3 ± 0.61

0.873

Selenium (mg/d)

0.07 ± 0.04

0.06 ± 0.04

0.02

0.08 ± 0.04

0.07 ± 0.04

0.06 ± 0.03

< 0.001

Fruits (g/d)

325 ± 100

361 ± 124

0.001

326 ± 88

333 ± 117

367 ± 121

0.012

Vegetables (g/d)

258 ± 83

274 ± 86

0.04

246 ± 56

253 ± 79

287 ± 92

< 0.001

White meat (g/d)

30 ± 13

33 ± 22

0.16

32 ± 11

35 ± 27

29 ± 12

0.025

Red and processed meat (g/d)

41 ± 28

36 ± 20

0.01

45 ± 26

40 ± 27

34 ± 17

0.003

Fish (g/d)

9.3 ± 12

9.1 ± 9

0.01

10 ± 11

10 ± 11

8 ± 9

0.427

Egg (g/d)

26 ± 17

27 ± 20

0.55

24 ± 13

27 ± 22

26 ± 16

0.631

Legumes and nuts (g/d)

40 ± 23

46 ± 20

0.008

38 ± 18

39 ± 19

50 ± 22

< 0.001

Dairy (g/d)

309 ± 117

355 ± 131

< 0.001

312 ± 129

327 ± 122

356 ± 133

0.041

Refined grains (g/d)

501 ± 175

421 ± 182

< 0.001

550 ± 237

461 ± 168

416 ± 176

< 0.001

Whole grains (g/d)

177 ± 134

150 ± 108

0.04

114 ± 86

144 ± 120

181 ± 118

0.001

Salt (g/d)

5.8 ± 2

6.3 ± 2

0.01

6.3 ± 2

6.5 ± 2

5.8 ± 2

0.003

Sugar sweetened beverages (g/d)

79 ± 67

83 ± 74

0.54

116 ± 99

95 ± 77

63 ± 54

< 0.001