Dietary intake of branched-chain amino acids in relation to depression, anxiety and psychological distress

Koochakpoor, Glareh; Salari-Moghaddam, Asma; Keshteli, Ammar Hassanzadeh; Afshar, Hamid; Esmaillzadeh, Ahmad; Adibi, Peyman

doi:10.1186/s12937-021-00670-z

Nutrition Journal

Table 4 Crude and multivariable-adjusted ORs and 95% CIs for psychological disorders across categories of valine, leucine and isoleucine intake^a

From: Dietary intake of branched-chain amino acids in relation to depression, anxiety and psychological distress

	Valine intake		P-trend	Leucine intake		P-trend	Isoleucine intake		P-trend
	T₁	T₃	P-trend	T₁	T₃	P-trend	T₁	T₃	P-trend
Depression
Cases, n	290	254		288	254		288	255
Crude	1.00	0.82 (0.67–1.00)	0.05	1.00	0.82 (0.68–1.00)	0.06	1.00	0.83 (0.68–1.01)	0.06
Model I	1.00	0.82 (0.66–1.01)	0.07	1.00	0.83 (0.67–1.03)	0.09	1.00	0.81 (0.66–1.00)	0.06
Model II	1.00	0.79 (0.64–0.98)	0.04	1.00	0.80 (0.65–1.00)	0.05	1.00	0.79 (0.63–0.98)	0.03
Model III	1.00	0.77 (0.61–0.98)	0.03	1.00	0.78 (0.62–0.99)	0.04	1.00	0.77 (0.61–0.97)	0.03
Model IV	1.00	0.76 (0.60–0.96)	0.02	1.00	0.77 (0.61–0.98)	0.03	1.00	0.75 (0.59–0.95)	0.02
Anxiety
Cases, n	144	109		143	108		147	106
Crude	1.00	0.72 (0.55–0.93)	0.01	1.00	0.71 (0.54–0.93)	0.01	1.00	0.67 (0.51–0.88)	0.004
Model I	1.00	0.69 (0.51–0.91)	0.01	1.00	0.69 (0.51–0.91)	0.01	1.00	0.64 (0.48–0.85)	0.002
Model II	1.00	0.65 (0.48–0.87)	0.004	1.00	0.65 (0.48–0.87)	0.004	1.00	0.61 (0.46–0.83)	0.001
Model III	1.00	0.68 (0.50–0.93)	0.02	1.00	0.68 (0.50–0.94)	0.02	1.00	0.64 (0.47–0.88)	0.006
Model IV	1.00	0.65 (0.47–0.90)	0.009	1.00	0.66 (0.47–0.91)	0.01	1.00	0.62 (0.45–0.86)	0.004
Psychological distress
Cases, n	232	204		232	200		233	198
Crude	1.00	0.83 (0.68–1.02)	0.07	1.00	0.80 (0.65–0.99)	0.04	1.00	0.79 (0.64–0.97)	0.03
Model I	1.00	0.84 (0.67–1.05)	0.14	1.00	0.82 (0.66–1.03)	0.10	1.00	0.80 (0.64–1.01)	0.07
Model II	1.00	0.84 (0.67–1.06)	0.15	1.00	0.82 (0.65–1.04)	0.11	1.00	0.81 (0.64–1.02)	0.08
Model III	1.00	0.89 (0.69–1.14)	0.36	1.00	0.87 (0.68–1.18)	0.27	1.00	0.85 (0.66–1.09)	0.20
Model IV	1.00	0.87 (0.67–1.12)	0.29	1.00	0.85 (0.66–1.10)	0.22	1.00	0.82 (0.64–1.07)	0.14

^aData are OR (95% CI)
Model I: adjusted for age, sex and energy intake
Model II: additionally, adjusted for marital status, education, vitamin supplements use, smoking status, physical activity and chronic conditions
Model III: additionally, adjusted for dietary fiber, omega 3, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folate, fruits and vegetables
Model IV: additionally, adjusted for BMI

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