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Table 4 Mean changes (SD) of metabolic characteristics in the two study groups

From: The effects of flaxseed supplementation on metabolic status in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized open-labeled controlled clinical trial

Change from baseline

Flaxseed group (n = 21)

Control group (n = 20)

P1

P2

Weight (kg)

−0.9 ± 1.89

0.91 ± 1.58

0.001a

0.006a

Waist circumference (cm)

−1.95 ± 1.65

0.58 ± 3.32

0.007a

0.004a

BMI (kg/m2)

−0.38 ± 0.76

0.36 ± 0.62

0.001a

0.003a

FBS (mg/dL)

−6.95 ± 20.76

−2.22 ± 16.96

0.45

0.023a

Insulin (μIU/mL)

−2.75 ± 4.06

1.52 ± 6.74

0.021a

0.007a

HOMA-IR

−0.72 ± 1.13

0.26 ± 1.61

0.034a

0.009a

QUICKI

0.01 ± 0.02

− 0.004 ± 0.02

0.05

0.006a

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

−8.3 ± 34.89

−14.11 ± 36.33

0.618

0.871

LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)

−13.18 ± 39

−11.61 ± 41.54

0.905

0.665

HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)

9.25 ± 6.59

−2.77 ± 10.68

P < 0.001a

P < 0.001a

Triglycerides (mg/dL)

−21.85 ± 22.06

− 0.27 ± 28.81

0.013a

0.011a

Total testosterone (ng/mL)

0.03 ± 0.35

0.07 ± 0.29

0.694

0.866

SHBG (nmol/L)

6.76 ± 30.36

6.35 ± 18.17

0.959

0.051

FAI

−0.73 ± 1.23

−0.13 ± 1.48

0.248

0.046a

mF-G scores

−1.09 ± 2.9

− 0.36 ± 3.11

0.121

0.254

hs-CRP (mg/L)

− 1.32 ± 2.08

−0.24 ± 1.93

0.108

0.011a

IL-6 (pg/mL)

0.62 ± 2.22

0.89 ± 2.58

0.731

0.237

Adiponectin (mg/mL)

4.31 ± 5.53

−0.39 ± 6.02

0.017a

0.041a

Leptin (ng/ml)

−9.48 ± 14.55

9.7 ± 25.93

0.007a

0.006a

  1. The data have been expressed as mean ± SD. P1: between-group comparison of the mean changes of the studied variables; Mann–Whitney U (for waist circumference, insulin, QUICKI, and Ferriman-Gallwey score) and independent sample t-test (for other variables). P2: between-group comparison of the mean changes of the studied variables; analysis of covariance in the adjusted models (adjusted for age, BMI, dietary intake of energy, physical activity, and baseline biochemical variables)
  2. aStatistically significant