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Table 3 Mean daily salt intake*among risk groups by socio-demographic and lifestyle factors

From: Salt consumption and the risk of chronic diseases among Chinese adults in Ningbo city

Characteristics

BMI

Fasting Blood Glucose

Blood Pressure

P-value

Normal

Overweight/obesity

Normal

Diabetes

Normal

Pre-hypertension

Hypertension

BMI

Blood Glucose

Blood Pressure

Total

13.0 (0.330)

12.9 (0.386)

13.0 (0.254)

13.3 (1.2)

12.4 (0.538)

12.9 (0.265)

15.1 (1.0)

0.879

0.880

0.006

Sex

 Male

13.3 (0.537)

12.4 (0.505)

13.0 (0.395)

13.3 (1.5)

12.6 (1.1)

12.7 (0.381)

15.4 (1.6)

0.276

0.975

0.048

 Female

12.7 (0.403)

13.5 (0.594)

12.9 (0.324)

13.3 (1.7)

12.3 (0.600)

12.8 (0.369)

14.7 (1.2)

0.291

0.845

0.129

Geography

 Urban

12.6 (0.463)

12.4 (0.556)

12.7 (0.246)

14.4 (1.7)

11.5 (0.735)

12.3 (0.359)

15.7 (1.8)

0.788

0.259

0.006

 Rural

13.6 (0.433)

13.6 (0.511)

13.3 (0.515)

11.4 (2.4)

13.8 (0.763)a

13.5 (0.380)a

14.4 (0.894)

0.959

0.486

0.569

Education

 No education or lower secondary

13.5 (0.465)

13.5 (0.464)

13.5 (0.346)

13.9 (1.4)

11.9 (0.590)

13.3 (0.351)

16.0 (1.3)

0.905

0.883

0.003

 Secondary

12.7 (0.746)

12.2 (1.1)

12.6 (0.611)

11.4 (1.6)

13.9 (1.8)

12.4 (0.650)

12.4 (1.6)

0.735

0.779

0.628

 Higher education

11.6 (0.501)

10.8 (0.826)a

11.5 (0.412)

9.4 (3.2)a

12.2 (0.893)

11.3 (0.461)a

9.2 (1.1)b

0.414

0.487

0.264

Regular Physical Activity

 Yes

12.2 (0.400)

12.1 (0.513)

12.4 (0.322)

11.6 (0.805)

12.4 (0.790)

12.1 (0.343)

13.5 (0.993)

0.860

0.592

0.288

 No

13.7 (0.524)a

13.7 (0.575)a

13.6 (0.392)a

15.6 (2.5)

12.4 (0.736)a

13.4 (0.402)a

17.2 (2.0)

0.971

0.402

0.005

Regular Smoking

 Yes

13.9 (0.632)

12.5 (0.676)

13.4 (0.473)

11.7 (1.4)

12.5 (1.3)

13.3 (0.528)

13.9 (1.1)

0.140

0.442

0.794

 No

12.7 (0.382)

13.0 (0.464)

12.9 (0.287)

13.8 (1.5)

12.4 (0.585)

12.6 (0.306)

15.5 (1.3)

0.638

0.597

0.005

Regular Alcohol Drinking

 Yes

14.0 (0.651)

13.0 (0.695)

13.5 (0.488)

12.0 (1.7)

12.1 (1.3)

13.5 (0.551)

14.1 (1.1)

0.297

0.446

0.623

 No

12.7 (0.379)

12.9 (0.457)

12. 8(0.293)

13.7 (1.3)

12.4 (0.583)

12.6 (0.302)

15.4 (1.3)

0.816

0.633

0.006

  1. Values are mean intake with standard error
  2. aMean salt value was significantly different between categorical groups, P < 0.05
  3. bMean salt value was significantly different between categorical groups, P ≤ 0.001