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Table 1 Anthropometric and metabolic characteristics of controls and MetS

From: Association of plasma chromium with metabolic syndrome among Chinese adults: a case-control study

Parameters

MetS (n = 2141)

controls (n = 2141)

P value

Male, n (%)

1293 (60.4)

1293 (60.4)

1.000

Age (y)

52.57 ± 10.80

52.70 ± 10.73

0.750

BMI (kg/m2) a

25.82 ± 3.10

22.66 ± 2.62

< 0.001

Waist circumference (cm)

89.46 ± 8.67

79.98 ± 7.90

< 0.001

Hip circumference (cm)

98.49 ± 6.32

92.78 ± 6.04

< 0.001

Waist / hip ratio

0.91 ± 0.05

0.86 ± 0.06

< 0.001

SBP (mmHg)

140.14 ± 20.36

128.80 ± 19.11

< 0.001

DBP (mmHg)

84.19 ± 12.06

77.12 ± 10.42

< 0.001

Current smoker, n (%) b

617 (28.8)

700 (32.7)

0.006

Current drinker, n (%) c

604 (28.4)

621 (29.2)

0.578

Physical activity, n (%) d

746 (38.1)

884 (42.2)

0.006

Family history of diabetes, n (%) e

309 (14.6)

158 (7.5)

< 0.001

Educational level, n (%) f

  

0.308

 None or elementary school

402 (20.6)

426 (20.3)

 

 Middle school

791 (40.6)

901 (42.9)

 

 High school or college

754 (38.7)

772 (36.8)

 

Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L)

7.12 ± 2.57

5.66 ± 1.33

< 0.001

Fasting plasma insulin (mmol/L)

10.66 (7.58–15.40)

6.87 (4.79–9.95)

< 0.001

HOMA-IR

3.34 (2.20–5.04)

1.72 (1.20–2.53)

< 0.001

HOMA-β

69.09 (42.00–106.44)

67.36 (46.81–98.60)

0.688

Triglycerides (mmol/L)

4.89 ± 1.15

4.71 ± 0.87

< 0.001

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

1.96 (1.39–3.05)

1.14 (0.84–1.49)

< 0.001

HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)

1.12 (0.91–1.32)

1.41 (1.25–1.61)

< 0.001

LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)

2.72 ± 1.14

2.46 ± 0.88

< 0.001

MDA (nmol/L)

4.82 (3.95–5.98)

4.32 (3.62–5.27)

< 0.001

  1. Data are shown in numbers (percentages), mean ± standard deviations, or medians (interquartile ranges). P values were obtained from t test, Mann-Whitney U test, or chi-square test, where appropriate
  2. All biomarkers detected were fasting
  3. a Missing number was 28. b Missing number was 5. c Missing number was 28. d Missing number was 238. e Missing number was 50. f Missing number was 236
  4. Abbreviations: MetS Metabolic syndrome, BMI Body mass index, SBP Systolic blood pressure, DBP Diastolic blood pressure, HOMA-IR Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, homa-β Homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function, HDL High-density lipoprotein, LDL Low-density lipoprotein, MDA Malonaldehyde