From: Association of plasma chromium with metabolic syndrome among Chinese adults: a case-control study
Parameters | MetS (n = 2141) | controls (n = 2141) | P value |
---|---|---|---|
Male, n (%) | 1293 (60.4) | 1293 (60.4) | 1.000 |
Age (y) | 52.57 ± 10.80 | 52.70 ± 10.73 | 0.750 |
BMI (kg/m2) a | 25.82 ± 3.10 | 22.66 ± 2.62 | < 0.001 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 89.46 ± 8.67 | 79.98 ± 7.90 | < 0.001 |
Hip circumference (cm) | 98.49 ± 6.32 | 92.78 ± 6.04 | < 0.001 |
Waist / hip ratio | 0.91 ± 0.05 | 0.86 ± 0.06 | < 0.001 |
SBP (mmHg) | 140.14 ± 20.36 | 128.80 ± 19.11 | < 0.001 |
DBP (mmHg) | 84.19 ± 12.06 | 77.12 ± 10.42 | < 0.001 |
Current smoker, n (%) b | 617 (28.8) | 700 (32.7) | 0.006 |
Current drinker, n (%) c | 604 (28.4) | 621 (29.2) | 0.578 |
Physical activity, n (%) d | 746 (38.1) | 884 (42.2) | 0.006 |
Family history of diabetes, n (%) e | 309 (14.6) | 158 (7.5) | < 0.001 |
Educational level, n (%) f | Â | Â | 0.308 |
 None or elementary school | 402 (20.6) | 426 (20.3) |  |
 Middle school | 791 (40.6) | 901 (42.9) |  |
 High school or college | 754 (38.7) | 772 (36.8) |  |
Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 7.12 ± 2.57 | 5.66 ± 1.33 | < 0.001 |
Fasting plasma insulin (mmol/L) | 10.66 (7.58–15.40) | 6.87 (4.79–9.95) | < 0.001 |
HOMA-IR | 3.34 (2.20–5.04) | 1.72 (1.20–2.53) | < 0.001 |
HOMA-β | 69.09 (42.00–106.44) | 67.36 (46.81–98.60) | 0.688 |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 4.89 ± 1.15 | 4.71 ± 0.87 | < 0.001 |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.96 (1.39–3.05) | 1.14 (0.84–1.49) | < 0.001 |
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.12 (0.91–1.32) | 1.41 (1.25–1.61) | < 0.001 |
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.72 ± 1.14 | 2.46 ± 0.88 | < 0.001 |
MDA (nmol/L) | 4.82 (3.95–5.98) | 4.32 (3.62–5.27) | < 0.001 |