Men | Moderate carbohydrate diet with plant protein (MCP)a (n = 392) | Moderate carbohydrate diet with animal protein (MCA)a (n = 992) | High carbohydrate diet with plant protein (HCP)a (n = 1610) | High carbohydrate diet with animal protein (HCA)a (n = 202) |
Dyslipidemia | ||||
Elevated total cholesterol | 1.00b | 1.80 (1.07–3.04) | 1.94 (1.15–3.25) | 2.11 (1.04–4.30) |
Elevated triglycerides | 1.00 | 0.92 (0.65–1.30) | 1.05 (0.74–1.48) | 0.90 (0.52–1.55) |
Elevated LDL-cholesterol | 1.00 | 1.48 (0.81–2.71) | 1.77 (0.95–3.29) | 1.93 (0.87–4.29) |
Reduced HDL-cholesterol | 1.00 | 1.54 (1.07–2.22) | 1.53 (1.08–2.18) | 2.66 (1.62–4.36) |
Metabolic syndrome | 1.00 | 1.51 (1.02–2.22) | 1.73 (1.16–2.59) | 2.42 (1.41–4.15) |
Increased waist circumference | 1.00 | 1.14 (0.84–1.55) | 0.96 (0.71–1.30) | 1.21 (0.77–1.92) |
Elevated blood pressure | 1.00 | 0.85 (0.64–1.13) | 1.04 (0.77–1.39) | 0.76 (0.49–1.17) |
Reduced HDL-cholesterol | 1.00 | 1.54 (1.07–2.22) | 1.53 (1.08–2.18) | 2.66 (1.62–4.36) |
Elevated triglycerides | 1.00 | 1.31 (0.99–1.75) | 1.41 (1.04–1.91) | 1.34 (0.86–2.08) |
Elevated fasting glucose | 1.00 | 1.26 (0.90–1.75) | 1.41 (1.02–1.95) | 1.37 (0.86–2.18) |
Hypertension | 1.00 | 1.02 (0.68–1.52) | 1.25 (0.83–1.89) | 0.86 (0.49–1.53) |
Type 2 diabetes | 1.00 | 0.93 (0.40–2.20) | 1.34 (0.61–2.95) | 1.47 (0.51–4.21) |
Women | MCP (n = 589) | MCA (n = 1217) | HCP (n = 2673) | HCA (n = 290) |
Dyslipidemia | ||||
Elevated total cholesterol | 1.00 | 1.25 (0.79–1.99) | 1.38 (0.88–2.17) | 1.51 (0.80–2.86) |
Elevated triglycerides | 1.00 | 1.15 (0.69–1.91) | 1.00 (0.63–1.60) | 1.50 (0.74–3.01) |
Elevated LDL-cholesterol | 1.00 | 1.08 (0.67–1.74) | 1.20 (0.76–1.89) | 1.04 (0.52–2.08) |
Reduced HDL-cholesterol | 1.00 | 1.05 (0.66–1.68) | 1.28 (0.82–2.00) | 0.88 (0.46–1.68) |
Metabolic syndrome | 1.00 | 0.97 (0.61–1.54) | 1.06 (0.69–1.62) | 1.14 (0.64–2.06) |
Increased waist circumference | 1.00 | 0.98 (0.70–1.37) | 1.03 (0.77–1.39) | 0.76 (0.48–1.23) |
Elevated blood pressure | 1.00 | 1.24 (0.85–1.83) | 1.10 (0.76–1.57) | 1.40 (0.88–2.22) |
Reduced HDL-cholesterol | 1.00 | 1.12 (0.89–1.43) | 1.30 (1.03–1.65) | 1.01 (0.70–1.46) |
Elevated triglycerides | 1.00 | 0.87 (0.61–1.23) | 0.89 (0.64–1.23) | 1.02 (0.64–1.63) |
Elevated fasting glucose | 1.00 | 1.33 (0.97–1.83) | 1.22 (0.90–1.64) | 1.20 (0.77–1.85) |
Hypertension | 1.00 | 1.23 (0.69–2.22) | 1.21 (0.72–2.03) | 1.60 (0.79–3.25) |
Type 2 diabetes | 1.00 | 1.41 (0.62–3.21) | 0.79 (0.36–1.75) | 1.46 (0.49–4.34) |