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Table 2 Anthropometric measurements and dietary intakes of the study participants at the baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention

From: The effects of spinach-derived thylakoid supplementation in combination with calorie restriction on anthropometric parameters and metabolic profiles in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial

  

Thylakoid group (n = 21)

Placebo group (n = 23)

MD (95% CI), P

Weight (kg)

Baseline

89.21 (6.50)

88.14 (7.27)

1.06 (− 3.14, 5.27), 0.612**

End

82.23 (6.16)

84.95 (6.87)

−3.71 (− 4.03, − 3.39), < 0.001***

MD (95% CI), P*

−6.97 (−7.21, − 6.73), < 0.001

− 3.19 (− 3.50, − 2.88), < 0.001

 

BMI (kg/m2)

Baseline

35.13 (2.16)

35.31 (2.77)

− 0.18 (− 1.71, 1.34), 0.808**

End

32.38 (2.08)

34.03 (2.60)

− 1.47 (− 1.59,- 1.35), < 0.001***

MD (95% CI), P*

−2.74 (− 2.82, − 2.66), < 0.001

−1.28 (− 1.41, − 1.15), < 0.001

 

WC (cm)

Baseline

108.09 (3.89)

108.18 (4.22)

− 0.08 (− 2.56, 2.39), 0.944**

End

100.31 (4.58)

104.46 (3.75)

−4.00 (− 5.25, − 2.76), < 0.001***

MD (95% CI), P*

−7.78 (−8.92, − 6.65), < 0.001

−3.73 (− 4.33, − 3.12), < 0.001

 

WHR

Baseline

0.92 (0.01)

0.93 (0.01)

−0.01 (− 0.02, − 0.001),0.022**

End

0.87 (0.03)

0.92 (0.02)

−0.04 (− 0.05,- 0.03), < 0.001***

MD (95% CI), P*

−0.06 (− 0.06, − 0.04), < 0.001

−0.02 (− 0.02, − 0.01), < 0.001

 

FM (kg)

Baseline

End

MD (95% CI), P*

32.40 (3.46)

27.21 (3.31)

−5.19 (− 5.43, −4.94), < 0.001

32.17 (3.90)

30.82 (3.90)

−1.35 (− 1.52, − 1.18), < 0.001

0.22 (− 2.03, 2.47), 0.843**

−3.79 (− 4.08, − 3.51), < 0.001***

FFM (kg)

Baseline

End

MD (95% CI), P*

56.79 (3.21)

55.01 (3.09)

− 1.78 (− 1.94, − 1.62), < 0.001

55.96 (3.53)

54.13 (3.13)

− 1.83 (− 2.11, − 1.56), < 0.001

0.82 (− 1.23, 2.88), 0.422**

0.07 (− 0.20, 0.34), 0.613***

Energy (Kcal)

Baseline

2346.3 (399.96)

2297.8 (446.26)

48.46 (− 210.31, 307.24), 0.707**

End

1749.37 (117.60)

1711.3 (119.84)

− 0.002 (− 0.004, 0.000), 0.129***

MD (95% CI), P*

− 596.96 (− 791.85, − 402.08), < 0.001

− 586.55 (− 790.50, − 382.60), < 0.001

 

Carbohydrates (g)

Baseline

333.24 (57.00)

326.82 (62.21)

6.41 (−30.00, 42.83), 0.724**

End

240.54 (16.17)

235.31 (16.48)

2.14 (−2.51, 6.79), 0.357***

MD (95% CI), P*

−92.70 (− 120.55, − 64.85), < 0.001

− 91.52 (− 119.64, − 63.39), < 0.001

 

Carbohydrates (%Kcal)

Baseline

End

MD (95% CI), P*

56.85 (1.25)

55.01 (0.01)

−1.84 (−2.41, − 1.27), < 0.001

56.99 (1.62)

55.04 (0.03)

− 1.99 (− 2.69, − 1.28), < 0.001

− 0.14 (− 1.03, 0.74), 0.75**

0.00 (0.00, 0.00), 1.00***

Protein (g)

Baseline

63.72 (13.93)

62.48 (15.56)

1.23 (−7.78, 10.25), 0.784**

End

65.60 (4.41)

64.17 (4.49)

0.69 (−0.05, 1.44), 0.066***

MD (95% CI), P*

1.88 (−4.92, 8.69),0.570

1.69 (−5.42, 8.80),0.627

 

Protein (%Kcal)

Baseline

End

MD (95% CI), P*

10.78 (0.50)

15.00 (0.00)

4.21 (3.98, 4.44), < 0.001

10.77 (0.58)

15.01 (0.00)

4.23 (3.97, 4.48), < 0.001

0.012 (−0.32, 0.34), 0.94**

0.00 (0.00, 0.00), 1.00***

Fat (g)

Baseline

84.28 (13.73)

82.30 (16.00)

1.98 (−7.12, 11.09), 0.662**

End

58.31 (3.92)

57.04 (3.99)

0.78 (−0.75, 2.32), 0.308***

MD (95% CI), P*

−25.97 (−32.56,-19.37), < 0.001

− 25.25 (− 32.64, −17.86), < 0.001

 

Fat (%Kcal)

Baseline

End

MD (95% CI), P*

32.37 (1.30)

30.20 (0.03)

− 2.37 (− 2.96,-1.77), < 0.001

32.24 (1.58)

30.11 (0.00)

− 2.13 (− 2.92,-1.55), < 0.001

0.13 (− 0.75, 1.01), 0.76**

0.00 (0.00, 0.00), 1.00***

Cholesterol (mg)

Baseline

202.70 (39.18)

198.20 (44.45)

4.49 (− 21.10, 30.10), 0.725**

End

200.39 (27.74)

190.62 (37.42)

8.49 (−8.34, 25.32), 0.313***

MD (95% CI), P*

−2.30 (−19.07, 14.46), 0.777

−7.58 (− 20.59, 5.44), 0.240

 

MUFA (g)

Baseline

20.15 (3.29)

17.20 (3.33)

2.95 (0.93, 4.97), 0.005**

End

13.93 (0.86)

11.91 (0.78)

−0.26 (− 0.61, 0.09), 0.143***

MD (95% CI), P*

−6.22 (−7.79, −4.65), < 0.001

−5.28 (− 6.83, −3.74), < 0.001

 

PUFA (g)

Baseline

41.85 (6.99)

42.81 (8.42)

− 0.96 (−5.70, 3.77), 0.685**

End

28.96 (2.15)

29.68 (2.27)

−0.27 (−1.06, 0.52), 0.491***

MD (95% CI), P*

−12.89 (− 16.19, −9.60), < 0.001

− 13.13 (− 16.98, − 9.28), < 0.001

 

SFA (g)

Baseline

End

MD (95% CI), P*

15.83 (2.69)

11.04 (1.26)

−4.78 (−6.00, − 3.57), < 0.001

14.02 (2.74)

9.72 (0.72)

− 4.30 (− 5.56, − 3.04), < 0.001

1.81 (0.15, 3.47), 0.033**

0.04 (− 0.12, 0.20), 0.585***

Fiber (g)

Baseline

End

MD (95% CI), P*

19.16 (5.52)

21.13 (5.38)

1.97 (− 1.23, 5.16), 0.213

20.96 (3.88)

22.59 (4.54)

1.62 (− 0.52, 3.76), 0.130

−1.81 (− 4.69, 1.08), 0.213**

− 0.98 (− 4.16, 2.20), 0.535***

  1. Abbreviation: BMI body mass index, WC Waist circumference, WHR waist-to-hip ratio, FM fat mass, FFM fat free mass, SFA saturated fatty acid, MUFA monounsaturated fatty acid, PUFA polyunsaturated fatty acid; % Kcal, percentage of energy. Data are expressed as mean (standard deviation) and mean difference (95% CI). P*: Denotes the significance of within-group changes (Paired samples t- test). P**: P values indicate comparison between groups at baseline (Independent sample t-test for baseline). P***: P values indicate comparison between groups based on ANCOVA adjusted for baseline measures and confounding factors (age, baseline BMI, and the changes in weight, calorie intake, and physical activity level during the study)
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Nutrition Journal

ISSN: 1475-2891

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