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Table 5 Energy ratios from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in Chinese lactating mothers

From: Dietary intake in lactating mothers in China 2018: report of a survey

Energy ratio (%)

Urban (n = 514)

Rural (n = 440)

AMDRs

P-value 1

Median

(P25; P75)

Below AMDRa

Above AMDRb

Within AMDRc

Median

(P25; P75)

Below AMDRa

Above AMDRb

Within AMDRc

Carbohydrate

33.35 (23.73; 43.73)

438 (85.2)

24 (4.7)

52 (10.1)

31.57 (23.25; 40.5)

379 (86.1)

16 (3.6)

45 (10.2)

50–65

0.651 ns

Fat

29.21 (23.43; 36.74)

51 (9.9)

234 (45.5)

229 (44.6)

27.6 (21.87; 34.16)

75 (17)

178 (40.5)

187 (42.5)

20–30

0.014*

Protein

8.64 (7.03; 10.23)

–

–

–

14.68 (11.79; 18.23)

–

–

–

ND

0.000*

  1. Shown are the energy ratios derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in lactating mothers from urban and rural areas of China in 2018
  2. The data have been presented as number and percentage (n (%))
  3. ND No AMDR value
  4. aBelow AMDR: number and percentage of study participants whose intake of energy ratio provided by macronutrients is below the AMDR
  5. bAbove AMDR: number and percentage of study participants whose intake of energy ratio provided by macronutrients is above the AMDR
  6. cAMDR: number and percentage of study participants whose intake of energy ratio provided by macronutrients is within the AMDR
  7. 1Statistically significant difference between urban and rural areas (p < 0.05) with Mann-Whitney U test; ns, p > 0.05 non-significant; *p < 0.05 significant