Association of the dietary patterns with the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among Iranian population: a case-control study

Table 1 Characteristics of participants

Variables	NAFLD (n = 121)	Control (n = 122)	P-value^a
Age (year), Mean ± SD	42.95 ± 11.46	42.51 ± 11.52	0.71^b
Sex			0.95^c
Male	57 (47.1%)	58 (47.5%)
Female	64 (52.9%)	64 (52.5%)
Weight, Kg	81.78 ± 13.12	80.76 ± 13.28	0.55^d
Height, cm	165.53 ± 10.16	165.97 ± 9.19	0.68^b
BMI, kg/m²	30.53 ± 5.04	29.32 ± 4.49	0.08^b
Waist circumference, cm	102.86 ± 10.78	98.08 ± 10.55	0.001^d
Hip circumference, cm	105.91 ± 7.59	105.35 ± 7.41	0.58^d
WHtR	0.62 ± 0.07	0.59 ± 0.07	< 0.001^d
WHR	0.95 ± 0.07	0.92 ± 0.08	0.002^b
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg	124.09 ± 12.29	121.02 ± 14.45	0.32^b
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg	81.35 ± 6.96	80.14 ± 6.44	0.28^b
Total energy intake, kcal	4122.76 ± 1624.85	3178.60 ± 936.18	< 0.001^d
Met (Hour/day)	34.11 ± 5.87	35.94 ± 7.88	0.14^b
Marital status			0.72^c
Married	105 (86.8%)	102 (83.6%)
Bachelor	16 (13.2%)	20 (16.4%)
Educational status			0.002^c
Illiterate	14 (11.6%)	2 (1.6%)
Elementary	36 (29.8%)	30 (24.6%)
Diploma	34 (28.1%)	31 (25.4%)
College	37 (30.6%)	59 (48.4%)
Smoke			0.04^c
Yes	12 (9.9%)	4 (3.3%)
No	109 (90.1%)	118 (96.7%)

^aP-value < 0.05 was considered significant
^bP-value based on the Mann-Whitney test
^cP-value based on the chi-squared test
^dP-value based on the t-test
NAFLD nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; BMI body mass index; WHtR waist to height ratio; WHR waist to hip ratio; MET the metabolic equivalent of tasks

ISSN: 1475-2891