FFQ-estimated daily dietary intakes | Biomarkers | Levels of biomarkers | Total | Urban | Rural | Men | Women | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (±SD) | Median (Q1; Q3) | Unadjusted | Energy adjusted | Unadjusted | Energy adjusted | Unadjusted | Energy adjusted | Unadjusted | Energy adjusted | Unadjusted | Energy adjusted | ||
Vitamin D (μg) | Serum 25 (OH) vitamin- D (ng/ml) | 64.13 (±29.98) | 58 (42; 82) | 0.201* | −0.018 | 0.095 | 0.087 | −0.012 | 0.139 | −0.086 | − 0.242 | 0.432** | 0.193 |
Vitamin B9 (μg) | Serum folate (ng/ml) | 9.73 (±4.77) | 7.89 (6.18; 12.80) | −0.053 | 0.189* | 0.323* | 0.139 | 0.169 | 0.316** | −0.089 | 0.229 | 0.020 | 0.134 |
Iron (mg) | Serum ferritin (ng/ml) | 50.90 (±38.52) | 40.30 (25.60; 61.60) | 0.247** | 0.003 | 0.163 | −0.165 | 0.060 | 0.204 | 0.194 | 0.255* | 0.249* | −0.170 |
Iron (mg) | Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 11.47 (±1.94) | 11.20 (9.92; 12.80) | −0.426** | 0.082 | 0.396** | −0.215 | 0.247* | −0.034 | −0.344** | 0.209 | −0.568** | 0.157 |
Fat (g) | Serum triglyceride (mg/dl) | 144.32 (±113.92) | 110 (81; 156) | 0.162 | −0.059 | 0.103 | 0.161 | 0.085 | 0.017 | −0.020 | −0.168 | 0.174 | −0.007 |
Sodium (mg) | Urine sodium (mmol/L) | 140.65 (±53.71) | 135 (103; 168) | 0.322** | 0.227** | 0.178 | 0.224 | 0.245* | 0.204 | 0.380** | 0.224 | 0.329** | 0.236* |
Potassium (mg) | Urine potassium (mmol/L) | 45.56 (±18.37) | 45.56 (33; 54) | 0.005 | 0.05 | 0.131 | 0.015 | 0.040 | 0.035 | 0.066 | −0.003 | 0.050 | 0.008 |
Total Protein (g) | Urine creatinine (mg/dl) | 106.97 (±92.95) | 78 (36; 136) | −0.186* | 0.013 | 0.058 | −0.042 | 0.063 | 0.054 | −0.124 | 0.031 | −0.230* | 0.019 |