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Table 4 Daily intake of food groups and nutrients at baseline among participants at follow-up (n = 4701)

From: Associations between diet and mental health using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire: cross-sectional and prospective analyses from the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study

Continuous variables

Participants with a GHQ score ≥ 4

Participants with a GHQ score < 4

 

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Pa

Food groups (g)

 Fish

49.9

31.0

50.9

25.8

0.009

 Meat and chicken

38.9

25.3

36.9

21.3

0.080

 Dairy products

125.3

109.1

132.2

107.2

0.023

 Vegetables

141.9

78.2

138.5

79.4

0.136

Nutrients

 Energy (kcal)

1715

350

1727

327

0.193

 Protein (g)

53.5

12.0

53.5

10.3

0.546

 Fat (g)

45.0

11.8

43.8

10.6

0.013

 Carbohydrate (g)

241

64

244

61

0.131

 Calcium (mg)

521

148

532

145

0.038

 Vitamin B1 (mg)

0.656

0.098

0.651

0.083

0.232

 Vitamin B2 (mg)

1.10

0.25

1.12

0.25

0.006

 Vitamin D (μg)

7.22

3.60

7.41

3.15

0.019

 Carotene (μg)

3257

1394

3197

1351

0.244

 Saturated fatty acids (g)

11.48

3.01

11.43

2.69

0.997

 Monounsaturated fatty acids (g)

16.58

4.16

16.05

3.76

0.001

 n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (g)

11.32

3.03

10.90

2.83

< 0.001

 n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (g)

2.29

0.61

2.24

0.54

0.060

 n-3 highly-polyunsaturated fatty acids (g)

0.714

0.364

0.730

0.314

0.032

  1. GHQ General Health Questionnaire, SD Standard deviation. aFood groups: Mann-Whitney test; nutrients: t-test after logarithmic transformation