Table 1 General characteristics of study participants across the LCD score quartiles

LCD score range

< 10

10-16

16-23

> 23

P^b

Age (year)a

36.1 ± 7.7

36.2 ± 7.8

36.3 ± 7.8

36.6 ± 8.1

0.57

Weight (kg)a

67.2 ± 12.4

67.9 ± 12.0

69.0 ± 13.6

70.5 ± 14.4

< 0.001

BMI (kg/m²)a

24.6 ± 3.7

24.8 ± 3.6

25.1 ± 3.8

25.2 ± 4.0

0.009

Waist circumference (cm)a

86.4 ± 10.9

87.0 ± 10.8

86.9 ± 11.4

88.9 ± 12.4

0.001

Overweight (%)

37

38.6

36.1

37

0.74

Obesity (%)

7.6

7.8

10.6

12.3

0.002

Doing exercise≥1 h/w (%)

9.8

11.2

14.9

16.9

< 0.001

Male (%)

38.7

36.8

41.7

49.6

< 0.001

Married (%)

79.9

81.9

84.2

80.9

0.38

High SES (%)

28.2

33.7

29.8

27.8

0.003

House owner (%)

65.4

68.9

70.8

71

0.07

University graduated (%)

64

68

59.5

56.1

< 0.001

Family size> 4 (%)

27.8

25.2

29

31.2

0.056

Chronic conditions (%)

2.8

3.7

4.9

7.2

< 0.001

Pregnant women (%)

2.6

1.9

1.8

1.7

0.75

Lactating women (%)

8.7

11.2

8.3

8.2

0.37

Current smoker (%)

10.6

12.1

17.3

15.4

< 0.001

Anti-depressant use (%)

5.3

4.4

6

6.5

0.26

Supplement use(%)

31.5

31

30.4

27.2

0.21