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Table 5 The effect of intervention with vitamin D fortified foods on the markers of bone turnover OC, BALP, P1NP and CTX, analysed in an ANCOVA including the baseline covariates that may influence the outcome (age, ethnicity, intervention group and BMI)

From: Effect of vitamin D fortified foods on bone markers and muscle strength in women of Pakistani and Danish origin living in Denmark: a randomised controlled trial

Coefficients

Estimate

95% CI

P

Estimate

95% CI

P

Δ OC

Model 1 (minimal)

Model 2 (maximal)

Intercept1

3.14

(0.95; 5.32)

0.005 (**)

6.53

(1.69; 11.4)

0.01 (*)

Baseline OC

−0.20

(− 0.27; − 0.12)

< 0.0001 (***)

− 0.21

(− 0.29; − 0.13)

< 0.0001 (***)

Ethnicity:

 Danish

 Pakistani

0.50

(−0.87; 1.83)

0.50

−0.70

(− 0.67; 2.07)

0.31

Intervention group:

 Fortified

−0.57

(−1.87; 0.72)

0.39

−0.60

(−1.86; 0.66)

0.35

 Placebo

 BMI

   

−0.10

(− 0.25; 0.05)

0.20

 Age

   

− 0.01

(−0.08; 0.06)

0.69

Δ BALP

Model 1 (minimal)

Model 2 (maximal)

Intercept1

3.4

(1.93; 4.94)

< 0.0001 (***)

0.50

(−2.6; 3.59)

0.75

Baseline BALP

−0.32

(−0.40; − 0.24)

< 0.0001 (***)

−0.25

(− 0.33; − 0.17)

< 0.0001 (***)

Ethnicity:

 Danish

 Pakistani

0.2

(−0.84; 1.23)

0.71

0.07

(− 0.93; 1.08)

0.88

Intervention group:

 Fortified

−0.03

(−1.06; 1.00)

0.95

0.19

(−0.76; 1.13)

0.70

 Placebo

 BMI

   

0.05

(−0.07; 0.16)

0.43

 Age

   

0.02

(−0.03; 0.07)

0.42

Δ P1NP

Model 1 (minimal)

Model 2 (maximal)

Intercept1

6.81

(1.78; 11.84)

0.005 (**)

13.4

(1.10; 25.8)

0.03 (*)

Baseline P1NP

−0.17

(− 0.25; − 0.09)

< 0.0001 (***)

− 0.19

(− 0.28; − 0.11)

< 0.0001 (***)

Ethnicity:

 Danish

 Pakistani

1.88

(−1.52; 5.28)

0.28

1.79

(−1.78; 5.35)

0.32

Intervention group:

 Fortified

−1.36

(−4.75; 2.04)

0.43

−1.63

(−5.02; 1.76)

0.34

 Placebo

 BMI

   

0.04

(−0.37; 0.45)

0.85

 Age

   

−0.18

(−0.36; 0.01)

0.07

Δ CTX

Model 1 (minimal)

Model 2 (maximal)

Intercept1

0.06

(0.03; 0.10)

< 0.0001 (***)

7.2−2

(−0.03; 0.17)

0.15

Baseline CTX

−0.33

(−0.42; − 0.23)

< 0.0001 (***)

−0.33

(− 0.43; − 0.23)

< 0.0001 (***)

Ethnicity:

 Danish

 Pakistani

−0.004

(−0.03; 0.02)

0.80

−0.003

(− 0.03; 0.03)

0.82

Intervention group:

 Fortified

−0.01

(−0.04; 0.02)

0.40

−0.01

(− 0.04; 0.01)

0.37

 Placebo

 BMI

   

−2.1−4

(−0.004; 0.003)

0.91

 Age

   

−2.8−6

(−0.002; 0.002)

1.00

  1. 1The reference group is included in the intercept: Danish ethnicity and placebo study group