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Table 4 Muscle strength and body composition at baseline, endpoint and the change following intervention1

From: Effect of vitamin D fortified foods on bone markers and muscle strength in women of Pakistani and Danish origin living in Denmark: a randomised controlled trial

 

Danish

Pakistani

 
 

Placebo (n = 35)

Fortified (n = 31)

Placebo (n = 37)

Fortified (n = 33)

P2

Handgrip strength (kg)

 Baseline

34.5 (4.2)de

33.2 (4.2)c

27.9 (6.6)ce

30.3 (6.2)d

< 0.001

 Endpoint

34.07 (3.8)de

33.3 (4.3)c

28.0 (6.1)ce

30.3 (5.5)d

< 0.001

 Change

−0.46 (2.3)

− 0.1 (3.0)

0.2 (3.0)

0.5 (3.5)

0.66

Knee extension strength (kg)

 Baseline

34.0 (5.7)e

36.5 (5.9)bc

27.7 (6.5)ce

31.1 (7.7)b

< 0.001

 Endpoint

35.0 (5.9)e

37.5 (5.4)bc

27.5 (6.7)ce

31.2 (7.8)b

< 0.001

 Change

0.3 (4.5)

1.0 (3.9)

−0.15 (5.0)

0.6 (4.3)

0.79

Chair-stand test (Mean rep/min)

 Baseline

23.4 (5.9)

24.0 (5.0)c

19.9 (5.5)c

22.6 (7.1)

0.04

 Endpoint

24.7 (6.6)

26.8 (6.5)c

21.9 (5.9)c

23.9 (7.2)

0.045

 Change

1.2 (3.0)

2.7 (3.6)

1.3 (3.4)

1.6 (3.6)

0.35

Mean BMI (kg/m2)

 Baseline

24.6 (5.1)

24.1 (4.0)bc

27.1 (24.8)c

27.4 (4.7)b

0.007

 Endpoint

24.4 (4.3)

24.1 (3.9)bc

27.2 (5.1)c

27.2 (4.3)b

0.005

 Change

0.1 (0.5)

0.2 (0.5)

0.2 (0.5)

0.1 (0.5)

0.97

Mean fat %

 Baseline

32.6 (7.6)de

30.1 (7.3)bc

37.1 (6.1)ce

37.6 (5.7)bd

< 0.001

 Endpoint

32.0 (7.4)de

30.7 (7.1)bc

36.6 (6.4)ce

37.4 (5.6)bd

< 0.001

 Change

−0.11 (1.9)

0.7 (2.3)

−0.3 (1.4)

0.16 (1.7)

0.20

Mean lean mass (kg)

 Baseline

46.5 (4.7)e

47.1 (3.0)bc

42.8 (4.7)ce

43.8 (4.7)b

< 0.001

 Endpoint

46.5 (4.3)de

46.8 (3.0)bc

43.2 (4.8)ce

43.16 (4.1)bd

< 0.001

 Change

0.22 (1.3)

−0.05 (1.3)

0.43 (1.0)

0.06 (0.87)

0.37

  1. 1Means and SD unless otherwise specified.
  2. 2P values for comparisons over the four study group were determined with the use of a one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. Significant comparisons a: DK Placebo vs DK Fortified, b: PA Fortified vs DK Fortified, c: PA Placebo vs DK Fortified, d: PA Fortified vs DK Placebo, e: PA Placebo vs DK Placebo, f: PA Placebo vs PA Fortified.