Gender difference in the association of dietary patterns and metabolic parameters with obesity in young and middle-aged adults with dyslipidemia and abnormal fasting plasma glucose in Taiwan

Lin, Li-Yin; Hsu, Chien-Yeh; Lee, Hsiu-An; Tinkov, Alexey A.; Skalny, Anatoly V.; Wang, Wan-Hsiang; Chao, Jane C.-J.

doi:10.1186/s12937-019-0503-x

Table 5 Odds ratios for central obesity across quartiles of dietary pattern scores and metabolic parameters by gender^a

From: Gender difference in the association of dietary patterns and metabolic parameters with obesity in young and middle-aged adults with dyslipidemia and abnormal fasting plasma glucose in Taiwan

Variables	OR (95% CI) for central obesity (high WC)				OR (95% CI) for central obesity (high WHR)				OR (95% CI) for central obesity (high WHtR)
	Men (n = 10,691)		Women (n = 3396)		Men (n = 10,691)		Women (n = 3396)		Men (n = 10,691)		Women (n = 3396)
	Model 1^b	Model 2^c	Model 1^b	Model 2^c	Model 1^b	Model 2^c	Model 1^b	Model 2^c	Model 1^b	Model 2^c	Model 1^b	Model 2^c
Western dietary pattern
Q2	1.09 (0.96, 1.25)	1.10 (0.96, 1.26)	1.23 (0.99, 1.53)	1.36 (1.09, 1.69)^***	1.03 (0.91, 1.17)	1.09 (0.95, 1.24)	1.11 (0.91, 1.35)	1.26 (1.03, 1.54)^*	1.01 (0.90, 1.13)	1.06 (0.94, 1.19)	1.08 (0.88, 1.32)	1.23 (1.00, 1.51)
Q3	1.24 (1.09, 1.41)	1.26 (1.10, 1.43)^***	1.53 (1.22, 1.92)^***	1.77 (1.40, 2.24)^***	1.07 (0.94, 1.21)	1.19 (1.05, 1.36)^**	1.27 (1.03, 1.56)	1.54 (1.24, 1.91)^***	1.06 (0.95, 1.18)	1.17 (1.04, 1.31)^***	1.29 (1.04, 1.61)^**	1.56 (1.25, 2.95)^***
Q4	1.48 (1.30, 1.68)^***	1.50 (1.31, 1.71)^***	1.63 (1.27, 2.08)^***	2.04 (1.58, 2.64)^***	1.12 (0.99, 1.26)	1.34 (1.18, 1.53)^***	1.08 (0.86, 1.37)	1.48 (1.16, 1.90)^***	1.16 (1.04, 1.29)^**	1.35 (1.20, 1.52)^***	1.25 (0.98, 1.58)	1.69 (1.32, 2.17)^***
P-trend	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.053	0.000	0.167	0.000	0.004	0.000	0.015	0.000
Prudent dietary pattern
Q2	0.94 (0.83, 1.06)	0.97 (0.86, 1.09)	1.14 (0.90, 1.45)	1.16 (0.91, 1.48)	0.89 (0.79, 1.00)^*	0.89 (0.79, 1.00)	0.94 (0.75, 1.17)	0.94 (0.75, 1.18)	0.95 (0.85, 1.06)	0.94 (0.85, 1.05)	1.02 (0.81, 1.28)	1.03 (0.82, 1.30)
Q3	0.80 (0.71, 0.90)^***	0.84 (0.74, 0.95)^**	1.05 (0.83, 1.33)	1.08 (0.85, 1.38)	0.79 (0.70, 0.89)^***	0.77 (0.68, 0.87)^***	0.90 (0.72, 1.12)	0.90 (0.71, 1.13)	0.84 (0.76, 0.94)^***	0.82 (0.73, 0.91)^***	0.89 (0.71. 1.12)	0.91 (0.72, 1.16)
Q4	0.79 (0.70, 0.89)^***	0.84 (0.74, 0.95)^***	0.91 (0.72, 1.15)	0.93 (0.73, 1.19)	0.79 (0.70, 0.89)^***	0.77 (0.70, 0.87)^***	0.99 (0.80, 1.22)	0.98 (0.78, 1.23)	0.84 (0.76, 0.94)^**	0.81 (0.73, 0.91)^**	0.94 (0.75, 1.17)	0.95 (0.76, 1.20)
P-trend	0.000	0.001	0.305	0.441	0.000	0.000	0.834	0.801	0.000	0.000	0.336	0.476
HDL-C (mmol/L)
High	0.59 (0.54, 0.65)^***	0.58 (0.53, 0.64)^***	0.51 (0.41, 0.65)^***	0.48 (0.38, 0.60)^***	0.66 (0.60, 0.72)^***	0.61 (0.55, 0.67)^***	0.64 (0.51, 0.79)^***	0.54 (0.43, 0.67)^***	0.59 (0.54, 0.65)^***	0.56 (0.51, 0.61)^***	0.59 (0.47, 0.74)^***	0.52 (0.41, 0.66)^***
P-trend	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
LDL-C (mmol/L)
High	0.79 (0.73, 0.86)^***	0.80 (0.74, 0.88)^***	1.01 (0.86, 1.20)	0.96 (0.81, 1.14)	0.85 (0.78, 0.93)^***	0.84 (0.77, 0.92)^***	1.09 (0.94, 1.28)	1.01 (0.87, 1.19)	0.90 (0.84, 0.97)^**	0.89 (0.83, 0.96)^**	1.16 (0.99, 1.36)	1.09 (0.92, 1.28)
P-trend	0.000	0.000	0.881	0.647	0.000	0.000	0.253	0.874	0.007	0.004	0.069	0.313
TC (mmol/L)
High	0.79 (0.72, 0.87)^***	0.79 (0.72, 0.87)^***	0.54 (0.45, 0.65)^***	0.53 (0.44, 0.64)^***	0.86 (0.79, 0.94)^**	0.84 (0.77, 0.93)^***	0.59 (0.50, 0.71)^***	0.57 (0.47, 0.68)^***	0.86 (0.79, 0.93)^***	0.84 (0.77, 0.92)^***	0.61 (0.51, 0.73)^***	0.59 (0.49, 0.71)^***
P-trend	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
TG (mmol/L)
High	2.31 (2.10, 2.53)^***	2.22 (2.02, 2.43)^***	3.81 (3.20, 4.53)^***	3.75 (3.15, 4.47)^***	2.30 (2.10, 2.52)^***	2.18 (1.98, 2.39)^***	3.13 (2.66, 3.68)^***	3.08 (2.61, 3.63)^***	2.27 (2.10, 2.46)^***	2.21 (2.04, 2.39)^***	3.57 (3.02, 4.22)^***	3.51 (2.97, 4.16)^***
P-trend	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
FPG (mmol/L)
High	3.06 (2.54, 3.69)^***	2.91 (2.41, 3.52)^***	5.20 (3.73, 7.25)^***	4.66 (3.33, 6.52)^***	3.36 (2.79, 4.06)^***	2.77 (2.28, 3.36)^***	8.05 (5.60, 11.56)^***	7.11 (4.92, 10.27)^***	2.91 (2.37, 3.56)^***	2.53 (2.06, 3.11)^***	5.57 (3.97, 7.80)^***	4.82 (3.42, 6.79)^***
P-trend	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000

WC waist circumference, WHR waist-to-hip ratio, WHtR waist-to-height ratio, HDL-C high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TC total cholesterol, TG triglycerides, FPG fasting plasma glucose
^aCentral obesity was defined as high WC (≥ 90 cm for men and ≥ 80 cm for women), high WHR (≥ 0.9 for men and ≥ 0.8 for women), or high WHtR (≥ 0.5). The variables were defined as the following: HDL-C low < 1.04 mmol/L and high ≥1.04 mmol/L, LDL-C low < 3.4 mmol/L and high ≥3.4 mmol/L, TC low < 5.2 mmol/L and high ≥5.2 mmol/L, TG low < 1.7 mmol/L and high ≥1.7 mmol/L, and FPG low < 7.0 mmol/L and high ≥7.0 mmol/L. The lowest quartile (Q1) of the dietary pattern or low values of the variables were the reference group (not shown)
^bModel 1 crude model
^c\Model 2 adjusted for age, marital status, education, current smoking, current drinking, and physical activity
^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01, ^***P < 0.001

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