| Spring | Summer | Fall | Winter | P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SEM | |||||
 Skin carotenoid status | |||||
  RRS intensitiesb | 38,238x ± 2617 | 34,629y ± 1910 | 37,044x ± 2043 | 36,563xy ± 1818 | < 0.001 |
  RS intensitiesb | 0.091 ± 0.004 | 0.087 ± 0.004 | 0.088 ± 0.004 | 0.088 ± 0.004 | 0.500 |
 Dietary Intakea | |||||
  Vegetable and fruit (g/d) | 188 ± 16 | 220 ± 16 | 194 ± 16 | 187 ± 18 | 0.441 |
  Dietary carotenoids (mg/d) | 12.1 ± 0.76 | 12.0 ± 0.97 | 11.9 ± 0.72 | 11.9 ± 1.11 | 0.983 |
 | Geometric mean -1SEM, +1SEM |  | |||
 Total plasma carotenoids (μM/L)c | 2.53; 2.36, 2.71 x | 2.26; 2.11, 2.42 y | 2.46; 2.30, 2.64 xy | 2.34; 2.18, 2.51 xy | 0.025 |