Fig. 4From: A randomized cross-over trial to determine the effect of a protein vs. carbohydrate preload on energy balance in ad libitum settingsEnergy expenditure due to thermogenesis of preload shakes, adjusted for baseline BMR and gender (n = 48). EE, energy expenditure; Female-CS, females on carbohydrate shake; Female-PS, females on protein shake; Male-CS, males on carbohydrate shake; Male-PS, males on protein shake; RMR, resting metabolic rate; TEF, thermic effect of foodBack to article page