| Other unsweetened | SSBs | Plain milk | Alcoholic beverages | 100% juice | Diet or light beverages | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean energy in kcal (95% CI) Adjusted p-value | Mean energy in kcal (95% CI) Adjusted p-value | Mean energy in kcal (95% CI) Adjusted p-value | Mean energy in kcal (95% CI) Adjusted p-value | Mean energy in kcal (95% CI) Adjusted p-value | Mean energy in kcal (95% CI) Adjusted p-value | ||||||||
Model statistics | n | F(26,20,176) = 15.46 | F(26,20,176) = 55.35 | F(26,20,176) = 85.49 | F(26,20,176) = 51.42 | F(26,20,176) = 43.51 | F(1,20,176) = 16.30 | ||||||
Sex |  | p = 0.4423 | p < .0001 | p < .0001 | p < .0001 | p < .0001 | p = 0.3181 | ||||||
 Male | 10,096 | 5.1 | (3.2, 7.0) | 119.9 | (111.1, 128.7) | 70.3 | (65.7, 74.9) | 96.5 | (85.5, 107.4) | 38.7 | (35.3, 42.0) | 1.4 | (1.1, 1.7) |
 Female | 10,080 | 6.0 | (5.0, 6.9) | 77.5 | (72.1, 82.9) | 57.9 | (54.2, 61.5) | 45.4 | (39.8, 51.1) | 28.7 | (26.6, 30.9) | 1.7 | (0.8, 2.6) |
Age (years) |  | p < .0001 | p < .0001 | p < .0001 | p < .0001 | p < .0001 | p < .0001 | ||||||
 1–8 | 1800 | 0.2 | (0.0, 0.4) | 74.0 | (66.4, 81.6) | 149.8 | (140.5, 159.1) | 0.6 | (0.0, 1.6)* | 56.3 | (51.4, 61.3) | 0.3 | (0.1, 0.5) |
 9–18 | 2230 | 1.1 | (0.3, 1.8) | 152.0 | (141.0, 163.0) | 98.9 | (93.0, 104.7) | 5.0 | (2.5, 7.4) | 54.5 | (49.9, 59.1) | 0.8 | (0.5, 1.2) |
 19–30 | 2622 | 5.1 | (3.0, 7.2) | 165.6 | (139.0, 192.2) | 61.0 | (45.3, 76.6) | 91.0 | (66.1, 115.9) | 41.7 | (32.1, 51.2) | 0.8 | (0.5, 1.2) |
 31–50 | 6150 | 8.8 | (5.7, 12) | 101.1 | (90.3, 111.8) | 45.1 | (40.7, 49.6) | 86.2 | (73.1, 99.3) | 27.1 | (23.2, 31.0) | 1.5 | (1.1, 1.9) |
 51+ | 7374 | 5.6 | (4.9, 6.3) | 62.9 | (57.4, 68.3) | 49.6 | (46.4, 52.8) | 88.3 | (79.1, 97.4) | 24.6 | (22.3, 26.8) | 2.4 | (1.1, 3.7) |
Ethnicity |  | p = 0.0975 | p < .0001 | p < .0001 | p < .0001 | p = 0.1870 | p = 0.0015 | ||||||
 White only | 14,452 | 5.5 | (4.6, 6.3) | 97.7 | (91.4, 104.0) | 65.3 | (62.0, 68.6) | 86.5 | (78.9, 94.1) | 33.3 | (30.9, 35.7) | 1.9 | (1.2, 2.6) |
 Chinese only | 915 | 5.4 | (0.4, 10.3) | 53.2 | (40.8, 65.6) | 48.8 | (40.1, 57.5) | 8.8 | (4.8, 12.8) | 23.9 | (17.2, 30.7) | 0.2 | (0.0, 0.5)* |
 South Asian only | 994 | 3.2 | (2.0, 4.4) | 103.5 | (78.4, 128.7) | 98.4 | (76.1, 120.6) | 17.5 | (3.9, 31.1) | 30.5 | (23.4, 37.5) | 0.7 | (0.2, 1.2) |
 Black only | 706 | 2.7 | (0.6, 4.7) | 107.0 | (85.4, 128.6) | 48.4 | (31.7, 65.0) | 23.2 | (10.8, 35.6) | 46.0 | (33.6, 58.4) | 0.7 | (0.0, 1.6)* |
 Indigenous inclusive | 606 | 2.0 | (0.8, 3.3) | 141.6 | (112.6, 170.6) | 67.3 | (53.5, 81.1) | 45.5 | (28.0, 63.1) | 36.9 | (23.9, 49.9) | 2.5 | (0.8, 4.2) |
 Mixed/other/not stated/missing | 2504 | 8.7 | (2.6, 14.9) | 106.5 | (82.2, 130.8) | 52.9 | (46.4, 59.4) | 44.8 | (24.0, 65.6) | 36.6 | (30.9, 42.4) | 0.6 | (0.3, 0.8) |
Income quartile |  | p = 0.3040 | p = 0.4077 | p = 0.3396 | p < .0001 | p = 0.8863 | p = 0.2099 | ||||||
 1 (lowest income) | 3758 | 7.1 | (2.9, 11.3) | 97.0 | (85.7, 108.3) | 71.7 | (61.5, 82.0) | 39.5 | (31.5, 47.5) | 34.6 | (29.9, 39.3) | 0.9 | (0.7, 1.2) |
 2 | 3854 | 4.1 | (3.2, 5.0) | 92.4 | (83.6, 101.1) | 64.5 | (58.6, 70.4) | 68.0 | (55.8, 80.2) | 35.9 | (31.2, 40.7) | 1.0 | (0.7, 1.2) |
 3 | 3634 | 5.3 | (3.3, 7.3) | 97.3 | (87.1, 107.6) | 65.2 | (58.3, 72.0) | 73.8 | (61.6, 85.9) | 33.1 | (29.1, 37.1) | 1.2 | (0.9, 1.5) |
 4 (highest income) | 3796 | 6.2 | (4.6, 7.8) | 98.8 | (84.0, 113.6) | 57.5 | (52.5, 62.6) | 99.0 | (83.5, 114.4) | 29.0 | (24.3, 33.6) | 3.8 | (1.2, 6.3) |
 Not reported | 5135 | 5.2 | (4.1, 6.4) | 105.6 | (92.2, 119.1) | 62.3 | (57.5, 67.1) | 73.5 | (57.3, 89.7) | 35.3 | (30.7, 39.8) | 1.1 | (0.8, 1.5) |
Province |  | p < .0001 | p < .0001 | p = 0.0001 | p = 0.0029 | p < .0001 | p < .0001 | ||||||
 NL | 300 | 3.4 | (2.5, 4.3) | 110.2 | (90.6, 129.8) | 52.4 | (45.5, 59.3) | 60.2 | (41.4, 78.9) | 32.2 | (25.9, 38.4) | 2.3 | (1.5, 3.0) |
 PEI | 83 | 3.1 | (1.6, 4.6) | 104.1 | (90.9, 117.3) | 72.3 | (64.0, 80.6) | 55.7 | (38.9, 72.4) | 35.1 | (26.0, 44.2) | 1.4 | (0.9, 1.9) |
 Nova Scotia | 531 | 3.1 | (2.3, 3.9) | 99.4 | (85.4, 113.4) | 63.8 | (56.7, 70.9) | 71.9 | (51.9, 91.9) | 28.9 | (23.8, 34.1) | 1.8 | (1.0, 2.6) |
 New Brunswick | 421 | 3.2 | (1.7, 4.8) | 114.9 | (97.7, 132.2) | 67.5 | (58.7, 76.3) | 73.2 | (52.6, 93.8) | 30.6 | (25.1, 36.0) | 2.4 | (1.3, 3.5) |
 Quebec | 4704 | 9.6 | (5.6, 13.6) | 90.5 | (80.0, 101.0) | 74.5 | (65.8, 83.2) | 89.7 | (72.7, 106.6) | 52.5 | (46.2, 58.8) | 1.2 | (0.9, 1.6) |
 Ontario | 7834 | 4.0 | (2.9, 5.0) | 102.8 | (92.2, 113.5) | 59.8 | (54.8, 64.8) | 56.0 | (47.8, 64.2) | 29.4 | (26.4, 32.4) | 1.8 | (0.7, 3.0) |
 Manitoba | 694 | 3.4 | (1.9, 4.9) | 112.9 | (97.6, 128.2) | 70.5 | (62.9, 78.1) | 55.5 | (40.1, 71.0) | 28.3 | (23.1, 33.4) | 2.8 | (1.2, 4.3) |
 Saskatchewan | 613 | 2.0 | (1.2, 2.7) | 96.0 | (81.5, 110.6) | 76.7 | (66.6, 86.8) | 59.7 | (36.4, 83.0) | 28.7 | (22.8, 34.6) | 1.4 | (0.9, 1.9) |
 Alberta | 2352 | 4.7 | (2.5, 6.9) | 123.0 | (106.1, 139.9) | 64.2 | (58.1, 70.3) | 83.1 | (61.1, 105.1) | 24.7 | (20.4, 28.9) | 1.9 | (1.0, 2.8) |
 British Columbia | 2644 | 6.4 | (4.1, 8.6) | 72.2 | (63.5, 80.9) | 54.4 | (49.0, 59.8) | 79.0 | (66.1, 91.9) | 25.2 | (20.8, 29.5) | 0.6 | (0.3, 0.8) |
BMI category |  | p = 0.2642 | p = 0.2394 | p = 0.5178 | p = 0.1439 | p = 0.0268 | p = 0.0009 | ||||||
 Underweight/normal | 6002 | 5.6 | (4.2, 7.0) | 109.0 | (99.2, 118.8) | 70.3 | (64.7, 75.8) | 63.3 | (53.8, 72.8) | 41.9 | (38.1, 45.7) | 0.6 | (0.4, 0.8) |
 Overweight | 4308 | 5.7 | (4.2, 7.2) | 89.7 | (82.2, 97.2) | 61.3 | (54.3, 68.3) | 73.0 | (61.1, 84.9) | 30.9 | (26.8, 35.0) | 1.5 | (1.1, 1.9) |
 Obese | 3115 | 4.8 | (3.5, 6.1) | 97.9 | (84.2, 111.7) | 59.3 | (53.2, 65.4) | 84.3 | (69.1, 99.5) | 27.1 | (23.0, 31.2) | 4.0 | (1.1, 6.9) |
 Don’t know/refusal/not stated | 6752 | 5.7 | (2.9, 8.5) | 95.6 | (84.3, 106.9) | 62.6 | (57.8, 67.4) | 70.4 | (58.1, 82.7) | 31.3 | (27.7, 34.8) | 1.3 | (0.9, 1.7) |