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Table 3 Daily per capita beverage volume intake (ml) from beverage categories in 2015, by socio-demographic characteristic (N = 20,176)

From: Beverage consumption and energy intake among Canadians: analyses of 2004 and 2015 national dietary intake data

 

Plain water

Other unsweetened

SSBs

Plain milk

Alcoholic beverages

100% juice

Diet or light beverages

Mean volume in ml (95% CI) Adjusted p-value

Mean volume in ml (95% CI) Adjusted p-value

Mean volume in ml (95% CI) Adjusted p-value

Mean volume in ml (95% CI) Adjusted p-value

Mean volume in ml (95% CI) Adjusted p-value

Mean volume in ml (95% CI) Adjusted p-value

Mean volume in ml (95% CI) Adjusted p-value

Model statistics

n

F(26,20,176) = 57.08

F(26,20,176) = 170.71

F(26,20,176) = 57.06

F(26,20,176) = 73.54

F(26,20,176) = 62.69

F(26,20,176) = 43.04

F(1,20,176) = 27.22

Sex

 

p = 0.6492

p = 0.0052

p < .0001

p < .0001

p < .0001

p < .0001

p = 0.5069

 Male

10,096

879.0

(836.4, 921.6)

379.5

(360.9, 398.0)

246.8

(229.6, 264.1)

143.6

(134.9, 152.3)

177.8

(157.1, 198.4)

85.9

(78.6, 93.1)

47.7

(38.9, 56.6)

 Female

10,080

855.5

(825.8, 885.1)

349.3

(334.6, 364.1)

160.2

(149.6, 170.9)

119.9

(112.8, 127.1)

62.7

(55.4, 69.9)

62.7

(58.1, 67.4)

40.6

(33.5, 47.7)

Age (years)

 

p < .0001

p < .0001

p < .0001

p < .0001

p < .0001

p < .0001

p < .0001

 1–8

1800

444.9

(418.8, 471.1)

4.9

(3.0, 6.7)

129.7

(116.8, 142.5)

285.7

(268.0, 303.4)

0.8

(0.0, 1.9)*

119.7

(109.4, 130.1)

5.6

(2.7, 8.6)

 9–18

2230

806.9

(771.3, 842.6)

47.3

(40.2, 54.4)

302.7

(281.5, 323.8)

206.4

(194.1, 218.7)

7.9

(4.4, 11.4)

116.9

(107.1, 126.6)

17.3

(13.3, 21.3)

 19–30

2622

1092.0

(980.0, 1204.1)

287.9

(252.0, 323.8)

327.1

(277.2, 377.0)

119.0

(91.6, 146.4)

170.4

(120.3, 220.5)

91.3

(70.9, 111.7)

23.4

(16.3, 30.6)

 31–50

6150

1006.1

(950.9, 1061.3)

452.7

(427.8, 477.7)

214.4

(195.6, 233.2)

95.1

(85.8, 104.4)

154.7

(131.6, 177.8)

60.5

(52.0, 69.0)

58.3

(44.8, 71.9)

 51+

7374

792.9

(760.0, 825.7)

501.7

(485.0, 518.3)

138.7

(127.8, 149.7)

106.8

(100.0, 113.5)

136.9

(121.8, 151.9)

55.8

(50.8, 60.8)

57.2

(47.6, 66.8)

Ethnicity

 

p = 0.0100

p < .0001

p < .0001

p < .0001

p < .0001

p = 0.1130

p < .0001

 White only

14,452

876.3

(848.2, 904.5)

398.8

(384.6, 413.0)

203.9

(190.9, 216.9)

136.9

(130.4, 143.4)

149.0

(135.1, 162.9)

74.2

(69.0, 79.4)

52.8

(45.1, 60.4)

 Chinese only

915

713.3

(636.9, 789.7)

340.3

(274.1, 406.4)

116.4

(88.5, 144.3)

97.8

(80.7, 114.9)

13.9

(7.1, 20.6)

51.3

(36.8, 65.7)

4.7

(1.3, 8.1)

 South Asian only

994

849.4

(767.6, 931.2)

214.3

(180.0, 248.5)

197.4

(158.1, 236.7)

188.2

(149.1, 227.3)

19.8

(10.0, 29.7)

64.0

(49.5, 78.6)

21.2

(9.2, 33.2)

 Black only

706

777.3

(640.8, 913.8)

158.9

(122.8, 194.9)

221.7

(182.7, 260.7)

92.5

(61.3, 123.8)

30.3

(15.2, 45.4)

97.5

(72.1, 123.0)

12.8

(0.0, 29.7)*

 Indigenous inclusive

606

896.4

(798.4, 994.4)

337.6

(282.5, 392.7)

303.4

(241.0, 365.9)

134.1

(107.4, 160.8)

72.9

(47.5, 98.3)

79.3

(52.4, 106.2)

61.1

(34.3, 87.9)

 Mixed/other/not stated/ missing

2504

896.4

(807.6, 985.2)

299.0

(257.2, 340.9)

206.8

(178.8, 234.9)

102.8

(90.5, 115.0)

70.1

(34.6, 105.6)

79.5

(67.0, 92.1)

22.7

(13.5, 31.9)

Income quartile

 

p < .0001

p = 0.0213

p = 0.2543

p = 0.5967

p = 0.0003

p = 0.8946

p = 0.0288

 1 (lowest income)

3758

741.1

(684.4, 797.9)

363.1

(335.4, 390.8)

208.3

(185.5, 231.0)

141.0

(123.4, 158.7)

69.5

(54.5, 84.5)

74.4

(65.1, 83.6)

36.3

(27.0, 45.5)

 2

3854

815.8

(758.8, 872.8)

323.0

(301.9, 344.1)

199.3

(178.0, 220.7)

132.1

(120.3, 143.9)

108.3

(89.6, 126.9)

79.2

(68.9, 89.4)

33.3

(26.5, 40.0)

 3

3634

914.3

(852.9, 975.8)

379.0

(352.6, 405.4)

209.8

(189.8, 229.9)

135.5

(121.8, 149.2)

121.2

(99.9, 142.5)

73.2

(64.4, 82.0)

50.7

(37.5, 63.8)

 4 (highest income)

3796

1048.2

(986.2, 1110.2)

424.0

(393.1, 455.0)

191.8

(167.4, 216.3)

124.6

(113.6, 135.5)

173.4

(142.6, 204.1)

65.4

(55.2, 75.6)

71.6

(52.6, 90.6)

 Not reported

5135

831.1

(781.1, 881.0)

342.1

(316.6, 367.6)

207.6

(185.4, 229.8)

127.4

(117.8, 137.0)

126.5

(98.2, 154.9)

77.9

(67.8, 88.1)

33.2

(21.6, 44.7)

Province

 

p < .0001

p = 0.0054

p < .0001

p = 0.0002

p = 0.0135

p < .0001

p < .0001

 NL

300

651.4

(581.6, 721.1)

384.6

(337.9, 431.4)

233.5

(192.7, 274.3)

110.5

(96.5, 124.5)

104.5

(65.9, 143.1)

68.5

(55.4, 81.6)

83.5

(58.7, 108.2)

 PEI

83

680.8

(613.8, 747.7)

387.1

(352.9, 421.4)

207.7

(181.6, 233.8)

153.9

(136.8, 171.0)

105.0

(67.8, 142.2)

75.7

(56.2, 95.2)

54.2

(34.1, 74.2)

 Nova Scotia

531

839.8

(745.6, 933.9)

386.3

(353.5, 419.1)

208.2

(178.2, 238.2)

137.2

(121.2, 153.2)

134.8

(86.6, 182.9)

63.3

(52.1, 74.4)

52.0

(38.7, 65.3)

 New Brunswick

421

826.1

(740.7, 911.5)

389.3

(348.2, 430.5)

234.3

(201.3, 267.2)

144.0

(124.8, 163.1)

124.7

(88.8, 160.6)

66.9

(54.8, 78.9)

55.3

(38.2, 72.4)

 Quebec

4704

809.9

(756.6, 863.2)

336.8

(310.1, 363.6)

192.9

(171.0, 214.7)

146.1

(130.6, 161.7)

146.9

(119.8, 174.1)

116.9

(103.5, 130.2)

50.6

(35.6, 65.7)

 Ontario

7834

827.4

(779.2, 875.6)

360.1

(340.0, 380.2)

208.5

(189.3, 227.8)

124.8

(114.4, 135.1)

101.0

(84.8, 117.2)

64.1

(57.7, 70.5)

38.7

(29.4, 48.0)

 Manitoba

694

905.5

(816.1, 995.0)

371.8

(336.0, 407.5)

249.5

(217.5, 281.5)

147.4

(131.3, 163.6)

79.0

(58.0, 100.1)

61.5

(49.8, 73.3)

68.9

(40.0, 97.8)

 Saskatchewan

613

882.3

(799.1, 965.6)

440.1

(391.7, 488.4)

204.7

(172.3, 237.1)

160.7

(139.7, 181.8)

103.0

(55.4, 150.7)

61.5

(49.1, 73.9)

45.9

(29.1, 62.6)

 Alberta

2352

1028.4

(946.4, 1110.5)

358.6

(322.4, 394.7)

246.6

(219.6, 273.6)

133.5

(121.0, 146.1)

137.5

(98.8, 176.1)

54.9

(45.4, 64.5)

58.3

(41.2, 75.4)

British Columbia

2644

972.8

(891.6, 1053.9)

400.7

(371.4, 430.1)

148.1

(131.5, 164.6)

113.3

(102.1, 124.5)

128.1

(105.3, 150.9)

56.3

(47.0, 65.6)

21.0

(14.4, 27.6)

BMI category

 

p < .0001

p = 0.7782

p = 0.6788

p = 0.4117

p = 0.2204

p = 0.0142

p < .0001

 Underweight/normal

6002

774.2

(738.0, 810.3)

288.2

(268.4, 308.0)

213.5

(196.3, 230.8)

143.0

(132.4, 153.6)

102.5

(86.6, 118.3)

92.6

(84.4, 100.9)

17.9

(13.5, 22.4)

 Overweight

4308

915.2

(858.1, 972.2)

387.7

(362.2, 413.2)

194.2

(178.0, 210.3)

126.9

(114.4, 139.3)

120.1

(98.0, 142.3)

67.3

(59.1, 75.6)

52.2

(36.8, 67.5)

Obese

3115

1025.6

(951.9, 1099.3)

419.8

(389.6, 450.0)

217.9

(187.5, 248.3)

127.3

(114.2, 140.3)

144.8

(115.7, 173.9)

61.3

(52.0, 70.6)

89.0

(67.9, 110.0)

 Don’t know/refusal/not stated

6752

846.3

(796.6, 896.1)

391.8

(368.9, 414.8)

194.2

(175.3, 213.0)

127.0

(117.3, 136.7)

124.8

(103.8, 145.8)

68.4

(60.7, 76.2)

41.6

(33.6, 49.7)

  1. All means are weighted ‘arithmetic means’ (also referred to as ‘observed means’), and not linear regression adjusted least squares means. Models statistics are for separate linear models using generalized least squares regression for each beverage category, with covariates sex, age, ethnicity, income, province, and BMI category; α = 0.05
  2. Abbreviations: 95% CI 95% confidence interval, BMI Body-mass index, ml millilitre, NF Newfoundland and Labrador, PEI Prince Edward Island, SSBs Sugar-sweetened beverages
  3. *Estimates for these 95% confidence intervals contained values less than zero. For reporting, these values were replaced with ‘0’ as they were a result of the bootstrap resampling method and not an indication of negative consumption
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Nutrition Journal

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