Table 4 Changes from Baseline of n-6 and n-3 PUFAs in Erythrocytes, Platelets and Serum Phospholipids upon 8 weeks of HPN
|  | Test group (MCT/LCT/FO-derived n-3 PUFAs) N = 11* | Control group (MCT/LCT) N = 9* |
|---|---|---|
n-6 PUFAs | ||
 Linoleic Acid (LA) | ||
  Erythrocytes (%) | ||
   Baseline | 10.1 ± 1.0 | 10.2 ± 1.5 |
   V2 (8 weeks HPN) | 9.3 ± 0.9 | 10.6 ± 1.4 |
Mean treatment difference (V2-BL) = − 1.14%, CI 95 [− 2.0; − 0.3], p = 0.0107, t-test | ||
  Platelets (%) | ||
   Baseline | 22.1 ± 3.1 | 16.9 ± 4.0 |
   V2 (8 weeks HPN) | 21.8 ± 2.9 | 20.9 ± 4.4 |
Mean treatment difference (V2-BL) = − 5.0%, CI 95 [− 7.3; − 2.7], p = 0.0002, t-test | ||
  Serum Phospholipids (%) | ||
   Baseline | 20.0 ± 2.3 | 20.0 ± 3.1 |
   V2 (8 weeks HPN) | 18.1 ± 1.8 | 20.9 ± 2.6 |
Mean treatment difference (V2-BL) = − 3.3%, CI 95 [− 4.6; − 2.1, p < 0.0001, t-test | ||
 Arachidonic Acid (AA) | ||
  Erythrocytes (%) | ||
   Baseline | 16.8 ± 2.0 | 16.8 ± 1.3 |
   V2 (8 weeks HPN) | 13.2 ± 1.9 | 17.0 ± 2.4 |
Mean treatment difference (V2-BL) = − 3.8%, CI 95 [− 5.9; − 1.8], p = 0.0011, t-test | ||
  Platelets (%) | ||
   Baseline | 10.9 ± 3.8 | 12.9 ± 4.0 |
   V2 (8 weeks HPN) | 8.4 ± 1.6 | 11.3 ± 4.2 |
Mean treatment difference (V2-BL) = − 1.3%, CI 95 [− 3.8; 1.2], p = 0.2883, t-test | ||
  Serum Phospholipids (%) | ||
   Baseline | 10.6 ± 1.5 | 9.7 ± 2.2 |
   V2 (8 weeks HPN) | 8.2 ± 1.4 | 9.6 ± 1.9 |
Mean treatment difference (V2-BL) = − 2.7%, CI 95 [− 4.0; − 1.4], p = 0.0005, t-test | ||
 Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) | ||
  Erythrocytes (%) | ||
   Baseline | 2.2 ± 0.4 | 2.4 ± 0.5 |
   V2 (8 weeks HPN) | 1.7 ± 0.3 | 2.4 ± 0.5 |
Mean treatment difference (V2-BL) = − 0.4%, CI 95 [− 0.6; − 0.1], p = 0.0044, t-test | ||
  Platelets (%) | ||
   Baseline | 1.7 ± 0.4 | 1.9 ± 0.4 |
   V2 (8 weeks HPN) | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 1.8 ± 0.4 |
Mean treatment difference (V2-BL) = − 0.4%, CI 95 [− 0.8; − 0.01], p = 0.0471, t-test | ||
  Serum Phospholipids (%) | ||
   Baseline | 3.1 ± 1.0 | 4.2 ± 1.2 |
   V2 (8 weeks HPN) | 2.1 ± 0.9 | 3.8 ± 1.3 |
Mean treatment difference (V2-BL) = − 0.5%, CI 95 [− 1.2; 0.1], p = 0.1156, t-test | ||
 γ-Linolenic acid (GLA) | ||
  Erythrocytes (%) | ||
   Baseline | 0.08 ± 0.03 | 0.09 ± 0.4 |
   V2 (8 weeks HPN) | 0.05 ± 0.02 | 0.10 ± 0.05 |
Mean treatment difference (V2-BL) = − 0.05%, CI 95 [− 0.09; − 0.01], p = 0.0118, t-test | ||
  Platelets (%) | ||
   Baseline | 0.5 ± 0.3 | 0.4 ± 0.1 |
   V2 (8 weeks HPN) | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.2 |
Mean treatment difference (V2-BL) = − 0.3%, CI 95 [− 0.5; − 0.1], p = 0.0049, t-test | ||
  Serum Phospholipids (%) | ||
   Baseline | 0.14 ± 0.08 | 0.16 ± 0.07 |
   V2 (8 weeks HPN) | 0.07 ± 0.04 | 0.13 ± 0.04 |
Mean treatment difference (V2-BL) = − 0.03%, CI 95 [− 0.09; 0.04], p = 0.3647, t-test | ||
n-3 PUFAs | ||
 Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) | ||
  Erythrocytes (%) | ||
   Baseline | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 0.7 ± 0.2 |
   V2 (8 weeks HPN) | 2.8 ± 0.9 | 0.7 ± 0.1 |
Mean treatment difference (V2-BL) = 2.1%, CI 95 [1.4; 2.8], p < 0.0001, t-test | ||
  Platelets (%) | ||
   Baseline | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 0.6 ± 0.2 |
   V2 (8 weeks HPN) | 4.3 ± 2.0 | 0.6 ± 0.2 |
Mean treatment difference (V2-BL) = 3.4%, CI 95 [2.1; 4.8], p < 0.0001, t-test | ||
  Serum Phospholipids (%) | ||
   Baseline | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.4 |
   V2 (8 weeks HPN) | 4.6 ± 1.5 | 1.0 ± 0.3 |
Mean treatment difference (V2-BL) = 3.5%, CI 95 [2.5; 4.5], p < 0.0001, t-test | ||
 Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) | ||
  Erythrocytes (%) | ||
   Baseline | 4.5 ± 1.3 | 4.1 ± 1.1 |
   V2 (8 weeks HPN) | 6.5 ± 1.1 | 4.0 ± 0.5 |
Mean treatment difference (V2-BL) = 2.2%, CI 95 [1.0; 3.3], p = 0.0008, t-test | ||
  Platelets (%) | ||
   Baseline | 1.8 ± 0.4 | 1.4 ± 0.5 |
   V2 (8 weeks HPN) | 3.6 ± 0.7 | 1.5 ± 0.4 |
Mean treatment difference (V2-BL) = 1.8%, CI 95 [1.3; 2.3], p < 0.0001, t-test | ||
  Serum Phospholipids (%) | ||
   Baseline | 3.1 ± 0.7 | 2.7 ± 1.0 |
   V2 (8 weeks HPN) | 5.8 ± 1.6 | 2.7 ± 0.6 |
Mean treatment difference (V2-BL) = 2.6%, CI 95 [1.6; 3.6], p < 0.0001, t-test | ||
 Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) | ||
  Erythrocytes (%) | ||
   Baseline | 2.9 ± 0.5 | 2.9 ± 0.5 |
   V2 (8 weeks HPN) | 4.0 ± 0.5 | 3.0 ± 0.7 |
Mean treatment difference (V2-BL) = 0.8%, CI 95 [0.3; 1.4], p = 0.0058, t-test | ||
  Platelets (%) | ||
   Baseline | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.3 |
   V2 (8 weeks HPN) | 1.4 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.4 |
Mean treatment difference (V2-BL) = 0.5%, CI 95 [0.3; 0.7], p = 0.0003, t-test | ||
  Serum Phospholipids (%) | ||
   Baseline | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.3 |
   V2 (8 weeks HPN) | 1.6 ± 0.4 | 1.0 ± 0.3 |
Mean treatment difference (V2-BL) = 0.4%, CI 95 [0.2; 0.6], p = 0.0009, t-test | ||