Table 4 Food groups used in dietary pattern analysis

1

Green leafy vegetables

Lettuce leaves, lettuce head, Chinese mallow, Swiss chard, young garlic shoot, celery, pak choi, Houttuynia cordata, flower Chinese cabbage, pea seedlings, spinach, garlic bolt, water spinach, bamboo shoots, green Chinese onion, Chinese toon, Chinese chives, caraway

2

Cruciferous vegetables

Cabbage, cauliflower

3

Gourd/melon family vegetables

Cucumber, eggplant, bitter gourd, green chilies, towel gourd

4

Red/orange vegetables

Carrot, pumpkin, tomato

5

Potatoes

Potato

6

Root vegetables

Lotus root, sweet potato, white radish, garlic

7

Bean vegetables

Broad bean, soybean, soybean sprouts, green bean, mung bean sprouts, string bean, pea

8

Bean products

Tofu, dried tofu, soybean milk, bean curd jelly, Chinese vermicelli, Chinese jelly noodles

9

Mushrooms

Mushroom, black fungus, oyster mushroom, needle mushroom, white fungus

10

Sea vegetables

Seaweed, sea lettuce

11

Pickled vegetables

Pickled Chinese cabbage, pickled garlic, pickled radish, preserved Szechuan pickle

12

Fruits

Apple, orange, banana, pear

13

Nuts and seeds

Peanut, walnut, sesame, sunflower seed

14

Pork

Pork, pork ribs, pork fat, trotters

15

Pig blood curd

Pig blood curd

16

Lean pork meat

Lean pork

17

Beef

Beef

18

Ox tripe

Ox tripe

19

Organ meat

Pork liver, pig kidney, pork intestine, duck gizzard, duck intestine

20

Poultry

Chicken, duck, goose

21

Processed meat

Sausage, preserved meat

22

Fish

Silver carp, crucian, grass carp, eel, hair tail

23

Squid

Squid

24

Milk

Milk

25

Eggs

Egg, duck egg

26

Processed eggs

Preserved egg, salted duck egg

27

Rice

Polished round-grained rice, glutinous rice, rice noodles

28

Noodles

Noodles, instant noodles

29

Bread

Bread, steamed bun, steamed twisted roll, flour

30

Maize

Corn, maize flour

31

Alcohol

Beer, Chinese liquor

32

Coffee/Tea

Coffee, tea