Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants^a

Age, y

29.3 ± 7.0

27.6 ± 6.2

28.2 ± 6.4

BMI, kg/m²

23.9 ± 2.2

24.4 ± 2.8

24.2 ± 2.6

Waist circumference, cm

85.3 ± 7.5

85.0 ± 7.8

85.1 ± 7.6

Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg*

114.6 ± 7.1

102.4 ± 9.0

107 ± 10

Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg

75.5 ± 7.2

71.9 ± 6.3

73 ± 7

TC, mg/dL

160.3 ± 29.9

168.5 ± 28.4

166 ± 29

HDL-C, mg/dL*

47.8 ± 7.1

60.6 ± 11.4

56 ± 12

LDL-C, mg/dL

92.9 ± 27.1

91.4 ± 25.2

92 ± 25

TC/HDL-C ratio

3.4 ± 0.9

2.9 ± 0.7

3.1 ± 0.8

TG/HDL-C ratio^c

2.1 ± 0.9

1.4 ± 0.5

1.7 ± 0.7

TGs, mg/dL

97.6 ± 33.7

82.7 ± 27.8

88 ± 30

Glucose, mg/dL^b

85.5 (82.0–90.0)

87.3 (84.0–91.0)

87.0 ± 7.4

Insulin, mU/L^b

3.5 (1.0–6.5)

4.5 (2.5–7.0)

4.3 (2.0–7.0)

HOMA-IR

0.9 ± 0.7

1.3 ± 1.1

1.1 ± 1.0

CRP, mg/L^b

0.5 (0.3–1.4)

0.8 (0.3–1.8)

0.7 (0.3–2.0)

Physical activity (METs) ^b

1.7 (1.6–1.8)

1.8 (1.6–1.9)

1.7 (1.6–1.9)