Table 1 General characteristics of randomized controlled intervention trials included in the meta-analysis

Casazza et al. 2012 [22]

26

12.4

16

Specialized diet

346, 129

2019 kcal

0 %

BMI z-score: 2.4

100 %

Standard diet

503, 255 (bread reference)

2058 kcal

0 %

0 %

Ebbeling et al. 2003 [23]

16

16.9

24

Reduced glycemic load diet vs

53, 68 (g/1000 kcal)

1621

12.5 %

34.9

69 %

1439

12.5 %

0 %

31 %

Low-fat diet

56, 77 (g/1000 kcal)

Ianuzzi et al. 2008 [24]

26

Range: 7-13

24

diet high glycemic index vs

60

n.d.

0 %

28.3

53.8 %

90

0 %

46.2 %

diet low glycemic index

Kirk et al. 2012 [25]

66

9.8

48

Low carbohydrate diet vs

<55, 73.2 (g/1000 kcal)

1950 kcal

25.7 %

29.5

63.6 %

Portion controlled diet

1900 kcal

9.6 %

0 %

36.4 %

>70, 74.0 (g/1000 kcal)

Kong et al. 2014 [26]

104

16.8

24

Low glycemic index diet vs

74.4, 117.7

1565 kcal

34.6 %

30.9

56.7 %

76.8, 106.3

1981.6 kcal

48.1 %

0 %

43.3 %

Control diet

Mirza et al. 2013 [27]

113

11.65

96

Low glycemic load diet vs

55.5, 77.2

1148 kcal

52.6 %

30.6

49 %

low fat diet

(g/1000 kcal)

1146 kcal

57 %

0 %

51 %

54.4, 73.6 (g/1000 kcal)

Papadaki et al. 2010 [21]

647

12.15

26

Low protein/LGI vs

60.8, 153.4

1692.4 kcal

37 %

21.8

43.3 %

Low protein/HGI

62.9, 123.9

1382.6 kcal

48 %

0 %

56.7 %

High protein/LGI vs

56.9, 105.0

1494.5 kcal

42 %

High protein/HGI

63.9, 128.0

1643.9 kcal

39 %

Ramon-Krauel et al. 2013 [28]

17

12.8

24

LGI diet vs

54.6, 56.4

1271 kcal

12.5 %

32.65

17.6 %

Low fat

(g/1000 kcal)

1422 kcal

0 %

0 %

82.4 %

60.2, 70.4 (g/1000 kcal)

Rouhani et al. 2013 [29]

50

13.89

10

LGI vs

43.22

1503 kcal

24 %

n.d.

100 %

Healthy nutrition recommendations

46.70

1532 kcal

12 %

0 %

0 %