Table 3 Glycemic, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses to whey peptide (NOP-47) and placebo.
Variables | NOP-47 | Placebo |
|---|---|---|
Serum Glucose (mg/dL) | Â | Â |
   Pre (Pre-Supplementation) | 93.2 ± 6.5 | 96.6 ± 9.0 |
   Pre-Ingestion (2 wk Post) | 93.9 ± 7.6 | 93.6 ± 7.0 |
   15 min | 93.7 ± 7.6 | 92.8 ± 6.0 |
   30 min | 94.1 ± 7.11 | 92.5 ± 6.1 |
   45 min | 93.5 ± 6.7 | 92.3 ± 5.8 |
   60 min | 93.0 ± 6.5 | 92.6 ± 7.0 |
   90 min | 93.7 ± 6.4 | 92.7 ± 6.6 |
   120 min | 93.4 ± 6.9 | 91.2 ± 6.5 |
Serum FRAP (μmol/L of Trolox Equivalents) |  |  |
   Pre (Pre-Supplementation) | 364 ± 93 | 385 ± 78 |
   Pre-Ingestion (2 wk Post) | 354 ± 82 | 347 ± 67 |
   15 min | 370 ± 82 | 359 ± 76 |
   30 min* | 375 ± 80 | 369 ± 86 |
   45 min | 351 ± 78 | 366 ± 86 |
   60 min | 364 ± 76 | 358 ± 72 |
   90 min | 341 ± 73 | 359 ± 79 |
   120 min | 349 ± 76 | 349 ± 69 |
Plasma MPO (pmol/L) | Â | Â |
   Pre (Pre-Supplementation) | 397 ± 162 | 362 ± 116 |
   Pre-Ingestion (2 wk Post) | 374 ± 117 | 347 ± 123 |
   15 min | 372 ± 118 | 361 ± 136 |
   30 min | 382 ± 145 | 358 ± 126 |
   45 min | 400 ± 132 | 366 ± 124 |
   60 min* | 431 ± 136 | 390 ± 133 |
   90 min* | 420 ± 125 | 394 ± 112 |
   120 min | 392 ± 135 | 377 ± 115 |
Plasma CRP (mg/dL) | Â | Â |
   Pre (Pre-Supplementation) | 1.05 ± 0.88 | 1.75 ± 3.14 |
   Pre-Ingestion (2 wk Post) | 1.24 ± 1.51 | 1.11 ± 1.42 |
   15 min | 1.33 ± 1.73 | 1.01 ± 1.23 |
   30 min | 1.33 ± 1.77 | 1.14 ± 1.59 |
   45 min | 1.29 ± 1.75 | 1.15 ± 1.61 |
   60 min | 1.31 ± 1.77 | 1.08 ± 1.45 |
   90 min | 1.31 ± 1.75 | 1.09 ± 1.46 |
   120 min | 1.24 ± 1.65 | 1.02 ± 1.43 |
Plasma MDA (μmol/L) |  |  |
   Pre (Pre-Supplementation) | 0.31 ± 0.13 | 0.37 ± 0.16 |
   Pre-Ingestion (2 wk Post) | 0.32 ± 0.13 | 0.31 ± 0.13 |
   15 min | 0.31 ± 0.13 | 0.30 ± 0.12 |
   30 min | 0.33 ± 0.13 | 0.30 ± 0.11 |
   45 min | 0.34 ± 0.14 | 0.31 ± 0.12 |
   60 min | 0.32 ± 0.12 | 0.30 ± 0.14 |
   90 min | 0.32 ± 0.15 | 0.30 ± 0.15 |
   120 min | 0.32 ± 0.16 | 0.30 ± 0.14 |
sE-selectin (ng/mL) | Â | Â |
   Pre (Pre-Supplementation) | 22.6 ± 7.4 | 20.7 ± 8.5 |
   Pre-Ingestion (2 wk Post) | 19.6 ± 7.3 | 19.2 ± 7.3 |
   60 min | 20.0 ± 8.5 | 19.0 ± 7.6 |
   120 min | 19.7 ± 8.7 | 20.4 ± 8.6 |
sICAM-1 (ng/mL) | Â | Â |
   Pre (Pre-Supplementation) | 104 ± 17 | 95 ± 25 |
   Pre-Ingestion (2 wk Post) | 100 ± 21 | 97 ± 13 |
   60 min | 96 ± 16 | 94 ± 21 |
   120 min | 96 ± 16 | 97 ± 17 |
sVCAM-1 (ng/mL) | Â | Â |
   Pre (Pre-Supplementation) | 756 ± 145 | 732 ± 125 |
   Pre-Ingestion (2 wk Post) | 712 ± 124 | 709 ± 143 |
   60 min | 701 ± 112 | 700 ± 144 |
   120 min | 710 ± 118 | 719 ± 186 |
IL-6 (pg/mL) | Â | Â |
   Pre (Pre-Supplementation) | 493 ± 1162 | 473 ± 1077 |
   Pre-Ingestion (2 wk Post) | 417 ± 1002 | 492 ± 1238 |
   60 min | 563 ± 1441 | 504 ± 1266 |
   120 min | 579 ± 1536 | 483 ± 1133 |
IL-8 (pg/mL) | Â | Â |
   Pre (Pre-Supplementation) | 158 ± 243 | 139 ± 213 |
   Pre-Ingestion (2 wk Post) | 105 ± 183 | 159 ± 288 |
   60 min | 155 ± 323 | 164 ± 300 |
   120 min | 187 ± 370 | 183 ± 331 |
MCP-1 (pg/mL) | Â | Â |
   Pre (Pre-Supplementation) | 435 ± 306 | 305 ± 132 |
   Pre-Ingestion (2 wk Post) | 428 ± 282 | 427 ± 244 |
   60 min | 447 ± 322 | 423 ± 276 |
   120 min | 398 ± 286 | 427 ± 316 |
TNF-alpha (pg/mL) | Â | Â |
   Pre (Pre-Supplementation) | 39 ± 70 | 43 ± 89 |
   Pre-Ingestion (2 wk Post) | 19 ± 35 | 41 ± 105 |
   60 min | 39 ± 93 | 47 ± 120 |
   120 min | 63 ± 193 | 54 ± 141 |
VEGF (pg/mL) | Â | Â |
   Pre (Pre-Supplementation) | 1320 ± 1394 | 1189 ± 1328 |
   Pre-Ingestion (2 wk Post) | 994 ± 1080 | 1206 ± 1435 |
   60 min | 1096 ± 1278 | 1201 ± 1401 |
   120 min | 1206 ± 1406 | 1273 ± 1548 |