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Table 1 Breakfast characteristics*

From: A randomized crossover, pilot study examining the effects of a normal protein vs. high protein breakfast on food cravings and reward signals in overweight/obese “breakfast skipping”, late-adolescent girls

 

Breakfast skipping (BS)

Normal protein (NP)

High protein (HP)

Energy content

0

350

350

Mass (g)

0

270

265

Energy density (kcal/g)

0

1.33 ± 0.01

1.37 ± 0.03

Total protein (g) (% of meal)

0

13.0 (15%)

35.1 (40%)

Egg (g)

0

0

11.0

Beef (g)

0

0

11.0

Dairy (g)

0

7.0

7.0

Gluten (g)

0

6.0

6.0

Tyrosine (g)

0

0.55

1.34

Total carbohydrate (g) (% of meal)

0

57.0 (65%)

35.1 (40%)

Sugar (g)

0

18.0

18.0

Fiber (g)

0

6.1

6.1

Total fat (g) (% of meal)

0

7.8 (20%)

7.8 (20%)

  1. *Excluding the 8 oz. water that was provided along with the breakfast meal.