Supplementation of a western diet with golden kiwifruits (Actinidia chinensis var.'Hort 16A':) effects on biomarkers of oxidation damage and antioxidant protection

Table 1 Plasma antioxidants, FRAP and MDA measured before and after kiwifruit intervention (n = 24)

	Fruits	Before		After		Diff		Change	p
		Mean SEM		Mean SEM		Mean SEM		(%)
		(μmol/L)		(μmol/L)		(μmol/L)
Total ascorbic acid	1	57.11	15.6	59.58	10.9	2.5	19.0	4	0.53
	2	52.83	13.3	60.27	14.3	7.4	19.5	14	0.07
Ascorbic acid, reduced	1	52.79	14.7	55.66	11.2	2.9	18.5	5	0.45
	2	47.97	13	55.43	13.1	7.5	18.5	16	0.05
Lutein, μmol/L	1	0.22	0.1	0.22	0.1	0.0	0.1	0	0.95
	2	0.22	0.1	0.23	0.1	0.0	0.1	5	0.70
β-Cryptoxanthin, μmol/L	1	0.32	0.3	0.31	0.3	0.0	0.4	-3	0.92
	2	0.31	0.3	0.31	0.3	0.0	0.4	0	0.99
α-Carotene, μmol/L	1	0.14	0.1	0.14	0.1	0.0	0.1	0	0.91
	2	0.14	0.1	0.14	0.1	0.0	0.1	0	0.98
β-Carotene, μmol/L	1	0.55	0.3	0.56	0.4	0.0	0.5	2	0.89
	2	0.55	0.3	0.56	0.3	0.0	0.4	2	0.97
Zeaxanthin, μmol/L	1	0.05	0	0.04	0	0.0	0.0	-20	0.91
	2	0.04	0	0.04	0	0.0	0.0	0	0.87
Lycopene, μmol/L	1	0.57	0.1	0.57	0.1	0.0	0.1	0	0.99
	2	0.57	0.2	0.56	0.1	0.0	0.2	-2	0.97
FRAP¹, μmol/L	1	1203.17	208	1201.13	228.5	-2.0	309.0	0	0.97
	2	1189.38	243.9	1260.46	164.4	71.1	294.1	6	0.24
MDA², μmol/L	1	0.88	0.4	0.88	0.3	0.0	0.5	0	0.97
	2	0.89	0.5	0.88	0.5	0.0	0.7	-1	0.53

SEM: standard error of the mean. ¹Ferric reducing activity of plasma. ²Malondialdehyde.

ISSN: 1475-2891